abBio quiz

Change in genetic structure of populations due to selective breeding by humans.

• Limited by the genes available
• Example:
• Animals
• Plants

using lving organisms or other biological systems to manufacture products.

• Use genetic engineering
• Examples:
• Crops
• Pharmaceuticals
• Animals

Techniques used to alter the genetic material of an organism by adding new DNA fragments or altering existing DNA

• Using recombinant DNA tecchnology to insert DNA from one organims to another resulting in a:
• transgenic organism

• 1.) Find the gene of interest.
• 2.) Isolate the gene of interest
• 3.) Produce recombinant plasmid
• 4.) Get bacteria to take up plasmid
• 5.) Screen for clone of interest

• Know the sequeince of the gene
• or
• Know the lenght between restriction sites that surround the gene of interest

Restriction site: a particular base sequence found on DNA

a particular base sequence found on DNA

Cut DNA with a restriction endonuclease

Restriction endonuclease: an enzyme that cleaves DNA at a restriction site, usually within or near palindrome sequence.

• Two ways:
• 1.) know sequence - use probe that has a radioactive or fluorescnet tag.
• 2.) know length -use gel electophoresis
• 

an enzyme that cleaves DNA at a restriction site, usually within or near a palindrome sequence.

Vector: carriers recombinant DNA into a host cell

Plasmid: a small fragment of extrachromosal DNA, usually circular, that replicates independently of the main chromosome.

• 1.) Origin of replication site
• 2.) Marger gene (antibiotic resistant)
• 3.) Promoter / Terminator regions

• -Cut plasmid w the same restriciton endonuclease
• -Ligate to create recombinant plasmid
• 

• Transformation:
• The uptake of DNA directly from the environment into bacterial cell.
• 1.) increase membrane permeability
• 2.) mix bacteria w the vector
• 3.) further increase permeabilty w heat and salt
• 4.) allow bacteria to replicate

• Rapid growth and reproduction
• small organism
• simple genome
• asexual reproduction
• circular DNA

• -bacteria membrane and plasmid both negatively charged.
• -CaCL2 cover bacteria membrane with Ca++ and negatively charged plasimd is attracted to the cell
• -Heat shock (produces pores)