Sociology

An arrangement that consists of people who exercise an effective monoploy in the use of physical force within a given territory.

governments & authority.

A vehicle by which one or more groups impose their values and stratification system upon other groups and depict it as an instrument of violence and oppression.

The state is a social instituion that evolved as socities moved from traditional to modern ways.

force as the foundation for sovereignty of the state.

1.Totalitrianism- A "total" state in which the government undetakes to control all parts of the society and all aspects of social life.

2. Authoristarnism- A political system in which the government tolerates little of no opposition to it's rules but permits nongovernmental centers of influence and allows debate on issues of public policy.

3. Democracy- A politcal systme in which the powers of government dervice from the consent of the governed and in which regular constitutional avenues exist for changing government officials.

4. political power- power that is organized and weilded by the state.

Legitimate power. When people have autority they have recognized and established rights to give orders and act as leaders.

1. Traditional- power that is legitimated by the sancity og age-old customs.

2. legal-rational- Power that is legitimated by explicit rules and rational procedures that define the rights and duties of the occupants of given positions.

3. charismatic- power that is legitimated by the extrodinary superhuman or supernatural attributes people attribute to a leader.

4. government- Thoese politcal processes that have to do with the authoritative formulation of rules and policies that are binding and pervasice throughout a society.

Corporate executives; military; and high ranking politicians.

• Do not give top priority to the nation in which their head office is located.
• No longer need a geogrphical center
• depend less and less on the economy of one nation
• do not maintain preferential treatment for local employees over any globalk strategy.

• Core nations- Geographical areas that dominate and exploit the rest of the system
• periphery nations- provide raw materials and lower-wage workers.

separation resulting from hostility.

A socially approved sexual union, between two or more individuals, which is undertaken with some idea of permanence.

The marriage of two or more husbands and one wife.

The marriage of two or more husbands and two or more wives.

The requirment that marriage occur within a group.

Teh requirment that marriage occer outside a group.

A family arrangment in which the spouses and their offspring constitute the core relationship: blood relatives are functionally marginal and peripheral.

• That this may become institionalized as a new step between dating and marriage.
• (5.6 million households today)

no.

They believed it to be natural.

earlier.

The science dealing with the aize, distribution, compostion, and changed in population. It is one of the more exact areas of sociology.

Birth rate, Death rate, Migration (in OR out)

6.625 billion.

The difference between births and deaths, plus the difference between immigrants and emagrants per 1,000 population.

The number of live births per 1,000 members of a population in a given year.

The study of the interrlations between the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem.

• Top 5:
• 1. Japan.
• 2. Hong kong china
• 3. iceland
• 4. switzerland
• 5. Australia

The point at which a modern population replaces itself without immigration- 2.1 children per woman of childbearing age.

The age and sex composition of population as portrayed in the "tree" of ages.

A view of population change that holds that the process of mdernization passes through three stages: High potential growth, transitional growth, and population stability.

• "dismal science"
• 1. need for food.
• 2. passion between sexes.

• The population would grow faster than the food supply:
• food= arithmetic; 1,2,3,4,...
• population= geometric; 2,4,6,8,16,32,68....

and it's 25%.

The return of the middle class- usually young, white, childless professionals- to older urban neighborhoods near the city center.

fundeamental alterations in the patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time.

innovations.

The process by which culture traits spread from one social unitto another.

As the cultural base increases the possibilites for change multiply. The greater the number of cultural elements on which innovators may draw will increase the frequency of discovery and invention.

The process by which a society moves from traditional or preindustrial social and economic arrangements to those characteristic of industrial societies.

represent ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that develop among a large number of people and that are relatively spontaneous.

A more or less presistent and organized effort on the part of a relatively large number of people to bring about or resist change.

Ideology! ( needed for successful social movement.)

The gap between what people actually have and what they have come to expect and feel to be their "just due"

Certain racial and socioeconomic groups in soiety are far less likely to have access to computers and the internet.

• 1. revolutionary- A social movemnt that advocates the replacement of a society's existing value scheme.
• 2. Reform- A social movement that pursues changes that will implement the existing value scheme of a society more adequately.
• 3. Resistence- A social movement that arises the block change or eliminate a previously instituted change.
• 4. expressive movement- A movement that is less concerned with institutional change thatn with a renovating or renewing of people from within.