Biology Final

• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Calcium and Magnesium
• C Hopkins Cafe Managed

• Iron, Boron, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Chlorine and Molybdenum
• By Mine Cousin Clyde Mo

Plants are deprived of random nutrients, then observed to see which nutrients are need by the plants and which are not.

It enters through epidermal cells at their root hairs, then progresses through the cells across the cortex and endodermis of a root by means of cytoplasmic strands within plasmodesmata.

Cohesion refers to the tendency of water molecules to cling together, whereas refers to the ability of water to interact with the molecules making up the walls of the vessels in xylem to give it extra strength.

Through transpiration, when the stomata is open, the cells of the spongy layer are exposed to the air which can be dry, so water evaporates as a gass or vapor from the spongy layer into the intracellular spaces.

The stoma ar elike doorways for water to enter into and exit a plant.

A current explanation for the movement of organic materials in phloem.

• Positive is when cells on the shady side of the stem elongate due to the presence of auxin.
• Negative is when they curve away from the light.

Unequal growth due to contact with solid objects.

When a plant grows against gravity.(for example a plant being laid down on it's side, yet still grows upwards)

Non-directional responses to stimuli.

Movements based on the amount of water inside a plant.

A protective sheathing for the young leaves of the seedling.

It is responsible for apical dominance, which occurs when the terminal bud produces new growth instead of auxillary buds.

They cause stem elongation.

Encourage cell division, which extends the life of vegtables in storage.

Promotes dormancy, preventing the plant from growing any further.

Ethylene causes abscission of fruits and ripens the fruit.

It will grow however it wants and fruit will fall off once it has ripened even if it isn't ready.

• The flower produces two types of spores by meiosis, microspores and megaspores.
• Microspores become a pollen grain, while the megaspore has undergone mitosis and became a female gameotophyte, which is the embryo sac located within an ovule found within the ovary.
• At maturity a pollen grain contains non flagellated sperm that travel through the pollen tube top the embryo sac. The the sperm fertilizes the egg, the zygote becomes an embryo still within the ovule. The the ovule develops into a seed that turns into a fruit and it starts all over again.

Fruits are a mature ovary that help protect and disperse seeds.

• Exocarp
• mesocarp
• endocarp

One that is derived from a single ovary, that can have one or several chambers.

One that is derived from several groups of ovaries.

aggregate

multiple fruit

dry fruits

fleshy fruit

Germination is when the seed begins to grow, while dormancy is the time during which no growth occurs, even if the conditions are favorable.

• In monocots the cotyledon, in addition to storing certain nutrients, absorbs other nutrient molecules from the endosperm and passes them to the embryo.
• In eudicots, the cotyledons usually store all the nutrient molecules that the embryo uses, which pushes the endosperm out of the way since it has been taken over by two cotyledons.

If the two cotyledons of the seed are parted, the rudimentary plant with immature leaves are exposed. As it starts to form, the root emerges first, the shoot is hook shaped to protect the immature leaves. The cotyledons provide the new seedlings enough energy for the stem to straighten and leaves to grow. As the mature leaves of the plant begin photosynthesizing the cotyledons shrivel up.

The immature leaves and radicale are covered, respectivley by a coleoptile and a coleorhiza. These sheaths are discarded as the root grows directly downward into the soil and the shoot of the seedling begins to grow directly upward.

Stolons

Rhizomes

totipotent