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nucleus
the central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons, carries a net positive charge.
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proton
a positively charged atomic particle contained in the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus of a hydrogen atom
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neutron
an atomic particle with no charge and about the same mass as a proton
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electron
low-mass atomic particle carrying a negative charge
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isotope
an atom that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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ionized
the condition of an atom that has lost of gained one or more electrons
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ion
an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons
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molecule
two or more atoms bonded together
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binding energy
the energy needed to pull and electron away from its atom
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quantum mechanics
the study of the behaviour of atoms and atomic particles
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excited atom
an atom in which an electron has moved from a lower to higher energy level
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thermal energy
the energy of the movement among the atoms and molecules of an object
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black body radiation
- radiation emitted by a hypothetical perfect radiator.
- the spectrum is continuous
- the wavelength is maximum emmision depends on the body's temperature
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joule
- a unit of energy equilavent to a force of 1 newton acting over a distance of 1 meter.
- on joule per second equals one watt of power
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continuous spectrum
a spectrum in which there are no absorption or emission lines
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absorption spectrum
a spectrum that contains absorption lines caused by photons being absorbed by atoms or molecules
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eimission spectrum
a bright line in a spectrum containing emission lines
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absorption line
- a dark line in a spectrum
- is produced by the absense of photons absorbed by atoms or molecules
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spectral star class
- a stars position in the temperature classifications
- O, B, A, F, G, K, or M
- is based on the appearence of the stars spectrum
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Doppler effect
the change in the wavelength of radiation due to the relative radial motion of source and observer
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blueshift
a doppler shit toward shorter wavelengths caused by velocity of approach
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redshift
a doppler shift twoard longer wavelength caused by a velocity of recession
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radial velocity (V)
a component of an object's velocity directed away from or towards earth
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