S2M3 CANCER

• - overexpressed in many human breast cancers
• - mutations leading to overexpression cause activation in the presence of very low [EGF]

-accurate testing allows for appropriate Herceptin tx

• - aa for gly sub at pos 12 = dec GTPase act=oncogene
• - signal transduction protein=>MAP activation=> nuclear TF activation
• - active when bound to GTP
• - GAP helps inactivate by speeding GTP->GDP hydrolysis
• -

-stimulate transcription of genes that will promote progression thru G1 phase and G1-> S transition

• - inherited mutations of only a single allele increases likely hood of tumor development to almost 100%
• - RB- retinoblastoma
• - APC- colon cancer
• - BRCA1- breast cancer

• - hexokinase 2
• - utilized by cancer cells to produce ATP
• - HK-2 binds to VDAC(on mtch) and can make ATP
• - also prevents apoptosis inducing factor release (AIF)

• - hypoxia inducible factor
• - essential for metabolic changes required for cancer to remain alive as its size increases