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Colon function
eliminates toxins from large instestine
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Liver function
produces chemicals for digestion
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Gallbladder Function
storage tank for bile
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pancreas functions
breaks down proteins for digestion
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small intestine function
stimulates pancreas to produce digestive enzymes
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What are calories?
energy unit of food
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What results in weight gain?
more cal. in than out
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The food you eat goes to produce what?
ATP
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ATP
adenosine triposhpate
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What is metabolic rate?
determines how much ATP cells make/ how much is concerted into fat
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What is the average resting human metabolic rate/
70 cal per hour 1680 per day
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What factors affect your resting metabolic rate?
size, muscle, age, sex, genetic factors
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Normal male body fat/ min
14%/3%
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Normal and Min body fat for girls
22%/12%
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What do you use to determine BMI
height/weight
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Does BMI chart take all factors into consideration?
no
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What is obesity and what is used to classify a person as obese?
BMI of 30 or greater
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Functions of carbohydrates in body
major source of energy for the body
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where is starch found?
sugar
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where is glycogen found?
sugar
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What does fiber help do?
helps control cholesterol levels
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Functions of proteins in the body
contain all the essential amino acis
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What are essential amino acids?
complete proteins
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What is the difference between a fat and an oil?
fat=animal oil=plant
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Functions of lipids
energy storage
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Lipid: Triglycerides (fat+oils)
energy storage/insulation
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Lipid: Phospholipids
cell membrane component
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Lipid: Cholesterol
cell membrane component/sex hormones/bile
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Saturated fat
Bad, no double bonded carbons
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Unsaturated fat
Good, double carbon to carbon bonds exist
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What are vitamins
organic molecules
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What do vitamins do?
contain carbon
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Can your body make vitamins?
mostly no
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What are fat soluble vitamins?
D,A,E,K
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What is the best way to keep vitamins in food
eat raw or then steam then boil
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What are minerals?
Inorganic- do not contain carbon
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What do minerals do?
fluid balance, grows bones and teeth, muscle contraction, nerve impluse conduction
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How are processed foods different than whole foods?
processed reduced nutritive value
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How do enzymes work?
catalize and regulate metabolic reactions
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Substrate
molecule being metabolized
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active site
enzyme region where the substrate binds
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enzyme specificity
each enzyme catalizes or workds on specific reation
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What does the suffix ase mean?
the reaction they catalyze
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Why do some people have intolerance to lactose?
Low on the enzyme lactase
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What type of food does your body always burn first?
Available Glucose
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What is the function of insulin?
trigger cells to take up glucose
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What is a dangerous way a person can increase metabolic rate?
steroids
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What is a safe way a person can increase metabolic rate?
excercise
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Metabolic health problems
Diabetes, Hypertension,High cholesterol, heart attack, stroke
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What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 needs insulin type 2 does not and starts at an older age
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What is blood pressure?
force from beating of the heart on blood vessel wall
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What is systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
higher # and pressure/lower # relaxed
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Why does weight gain affect blood pressure
Has to pump harder
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What is the difference between LDL and HDL
LDL stores cholesterol HDL removes
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What is good cholesterol?
HDL
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What is a heart attack?
Sudden interruption of blood supply to heart
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What is a stroke?
Sudden loss of brain functions because of blocked or ruptered blood vessels
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