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What does the respiratory system consists of?
tubes that filter incoming air and transport it into the microscopic alveoli where gases are exchanged
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The entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells is called __ and consists of the following: __(5)__
- respiration
- 1) ventilation
- 2) gas exchange btw blood and lungs
- 3) gas transport in the bloodstream
- 4) gas exchange btw the blood and body cells
- 5) cellular respiration
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The organs of the respiratory tract can be divided into two groups: the __ and the __.
- upper respiratory tract (nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx)
- lower respiratory tract (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs)
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Nose
1) The nose, supported by __ and __, provides an entrance for air in which air is filtered by __ inside the __.
- bone
- cartilage
- coarse hairs
- nostrils
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Nasal Cavity
1) The nasal cavity is a space __ to the nose that is divided __ by the __.
2) __ divide the cavity into passageways that are lined with __, andhelp increase the __ available to __ and __ incoming air.
3) Particles trapped in the __ are carried to the __ by __, swallowed and carried to the __ where __ destroys any microorganisms in the mucus.
1) posterior; medially; nasal septum
2) nasal conchae; mucous membrane; surface area; warm; filter
3) mucus; pharynx; ciliary action; stomach; gastric juice
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Paranasal Sinus
1) __ are air-filled spaces within the __, __, __, and __ bones of the skull.
2) These spaces open to the __ and are lined with __ that is continuous with that lining the __.
3) What do the sinuses do?
1) sinuses; maxillary; sphenoid; ethmoid; frontal
2) nasal cavity; mucuous membrane; nasal cavity
3) reduce the weight of the skull; serve as a resonant chamber to affect the quality of the voice
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Pharynx
1) The pharynx is a common passageway for __ and __.
2) What does the pharynx aid in?
1) air/ food
2) in producing sounds for speech
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Larynx
1) The larynx is an __ in the airway superior to the __ and inferior to the __.
2) What does it help do?
3) The larynx is composed of a framework of __ and __ bound by __.
1) enlargement/ trachea; pharynx
2) keep particles from entering the trachea and also houses the vocal cords
30 muscles/ cartilage/ elastic tissue
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Larynx
4) Inside the larynx, two pairs of folds of muscles and connective tissue covered with __ make up the __.
a) The upper pair is the __.
b) The lower pair is the __.
c) Changing tension on the vocal cords controls __, while increasing the __ depends upon increasing the force of __ vibrating the vocal cords.
5) During swallowing, the __ and __ close off the __.
4) mucuous membrane/ vocal cords
a) false vocal cords
b) true vocal cords
c) pitch/ loudness/ air
5) false vocal cords/ epiglottis/ glottis
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Trachea
1) The trachea extends downward anterior to the __ and into the __, where it splits into right and left __.
2) the inner wall of the trachea is lined with __ with many __ that serve to trap incoming particles.
3) The tracheal wall is supported by __.
1) esophagus/ thoracic cavity/ bronchi
2) ciliated mucous membrane/ goblet cells
3) 20 incomplete cartilaginous rings
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Bronchia Tree
1) The bronchial tree consists of branched tubes leading from the __ to the __.
2) The bronchial tree begins with the __, each leading to a __.
3) The branches of the bronchial tree from th e__ are __; these further subdivide until __ give rise to __ which terminate in __.
4) It is through the thin __ of the __ that __ between the blood and air occurs.
1) trachea/ alveoli
2) two primary bronchi/ lung
3) trachea/ right and left primary bronchi/ bronchioles/ alveolar ducts/ alveoli
4) epithelial cells/ alveoli/ gas exchange
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Lungs
1) The right and left soft, spongy, cone-shaped lungs are separated __ by the __ and are enclosed by the __ and __.
2) The __ and __ enter each lung.
3) The __ is attached to the lung, and the __ lines the thoracic cavity; __ lubricates the __ between these two membranes.
4) The __ lung has __ lobes, the __ has __.
1) medially/ mediastinum/ diaphragm/ thoracic cage
2) bronchus/ large blood vessels
3) visceral pleura; parietal pleura; serous fluid; pleura cavit
4) right/ three/ left/ two
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