Chapter 10

trachea, bronchi, lungs, and pleura

alveolus; air sac

bronchus

bronchus

dust, used to refer to particales inhaled into the lungs

blue

lobe

mediastinum

oxygen

pleura

lung, air

lung

lung

breathing

chest

trachea, windpipe

vessel

artery

incomplete

cancer

heart

cell

plug

fibrous

blood

straight, primarily used to refer to bone or skeleton terms

pus

pain

puncture to withdraw fluid

pain

dialted, expansion

producing

small

abnormal

surgical removal

create a new opening

cutting into

oxygen

surgical repair

breathing

spitting; means coughing up and spitting out of blood coming from lungs or bronchi

instrument for viewing

instrument for viewing

chest; this suffix used to indicate presence of substance in chest

abnormal, labored

within

normal

thin-walled sacs at end of bronchioles; exchange of oxygen take place between air in alveoli and capillary blood supply surrounding them

the bronchi are the two main divisions of trachea that carry air into each long; they subdivide into more narrow bronchi and eventually become the narrowest bronchioles

the narrowest airway tubes; carry air from bronchi to alveoli

each lung is subdivided into lobes; right lung has three lobes, left lung has two

The mediastinum is the central region of thoracic cavity between the lungs; contains trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, lymph nodes and thymus gland

double layered membrane that forms protective sac around lungs

outer layer of pleura, forms protective sac around lungs and lines thoracic cavity

inner layer of pleura, covers lungs

space formed by folded pleura

the tube that carries air from throat down into chest cavity, splits into two main bronchi, commonly called windpipe

• (ARDS)
• acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxia

• (ABG's)
• laboratory test for levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide present in blood

lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; some common causes are drowning, foreign body in respiratory tract, poisoning, and electric shock; also called suffocation

inhaling fluid or foreign object into airways

disease caused by various conditions, such as allergies, and resulting in bronchospasm, excessive mucus production, inflammation, airway constriction, wheezing, and coughing

• atel/o = incomplete
• -ectasis = dilation
• condition in which lung tissue collapses, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

any medication that causes bronchi to dilate

malignant lung tumor that orginates in bronchi, often associated with a history of smoking

• (CPR)
• applying external compressions to rib cage to maintain blood flow and air movement in and out of lungs during cardiac and respiratory arrest.

• (COPD)
• progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which air flow to and from lungs is decreased; patient can have severe dyspnea with exertion and cough; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)

acute viral infection in infants and children; symptoms include dyspnea and a characteristic harsh cough

• (CF)
• genetic condition that causes patient to produce very thick mucus resulting in severe congestion within lungs and digestive system. Life expectancy around 30 yrs. :-(

pulmonary condition resulting from destruction of alveolar walls leading to overinflated alveoli; can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking or exposure to air pollution; characterized by dyspnea on exertion

• (ET) "phone home" lol
• placing tube through mouth and into trachea to maintain open airway and facilitate artificial ventilation

to breath too quickly (tachypnea) and too deeply (hyperpnea)

to breath too slowly (bradypnea) and too shallowly (hypopnea)

having insufficient amount of oxygen in body

• (flu) acute viral infection of airways; usually highly contagious; symptoms include chills, fever, body aches, and dry cough. Pt usually wants to just die. (why don't they mention throwing up? duh)
• cold vs flu: cold has milder symptoms.

thick mucus secreted by mucous membranes lining respiratory tract; phlegm is coughed through mouth is call sputum.

abnormal presence of fluid of gas in pleural cavity; presence of this fluid can be detected by tapping chest (percussion) or listening with stethoscope (ausculation)

inflammation of pleura

acute inflammatory condition of lung, which can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals; severe dyspnea and death can result with alveoli fill with fluid (pulmonary infiltrate)

collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung

condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid; results in dyspnea

• (PE)
• blood clot or air bubble in pulmonary artery or one or its branches; results in infarct of lung tissue

containing pus, as in purulent sputum

abnormal "crackling" sound made during inhalation; caused by mucus or fluid in airways

DUH

whistling sound that can be heard during either inhalation or exhalation; caused by narrowing of bronchi as in asthma or infection; also called wheezing

mucus or phlegm coughed up and spit out from respiratory tract

• (SIDS)
• unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant; sleep apnea, airway spasms, and failure of nerves to stimulate diaphragm have been studied as possible causes

diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis; children with this disease lose excessive amount of salt in their sweat

• (TB)
• infectious disease caused by tubercle bacillus; most commonly affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in lungs

mechanical divice to assist patient to breathe

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

CARBON DIOXIDE

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

temperature, pulse, and respiration