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The ability to self conceptualize and represent your self
Self-understanding
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What ages do children develop the ability to mistrust others whom seem to be mistrusted
Ages 4 & 5
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What age do researches believe a child first notices if an adult is commited in an activity
Age 3
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What age do children begin to experience self-conscious emotions such as pride, shame, embarrassment and guilt
18 months of age
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Viewing children's negative responses as a chance to teach
Emotional Coaching
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A tendency to ignore, deny or change negative emotion
Emotion-dismissing parents
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The moral element of the personality
super-ego
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Responding to another peron's feeling with an emotion that echoes thoes feelings
Empathy
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The development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their reaction with other people
Moral Development
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The ability to discern another person's emotional state
Perspective Talking
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A part of Piaget's moral reasoning from ages 4 to 7 in which children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties, removed from the control of people
heteronomous morality
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The second stage of Piaget's Theory of moral reasoning in which children ages 7 to 10 in which they show some features of Stage 1 - heteronoumous morality and stage 2 - autonomous morality
Period of transition
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Piaget's 3rd stage of Moral development/reasoning in which children 10 and older become aware that rules and laws are created by people, and in judging action they consider the actor's intentions as well as its consequences
Autonomous Stage
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The concept that if a rule is broken, punsihment will be meted out immediately
immanent justice
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The sense of being male or female
Gender indentity
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Sets of expectations that prescribe how female or males should think
Gender roles
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The 3 Social Theories of Gender
- 1. Social Role Theory
- 2. Psychoanalytical Theory
- 3. Social Cognitive Theory
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A theory that states that gender differences results from the contrasting roles of women and men
Social role Theory
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A theory that states that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent. Opedipus for boys, Electra for girls
Psychoanalytical theroy of gender
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A therory that states children's gender development occurs through observation and immitation of what other people do or say, and being rewarded and punished for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior
Social cognitive theroy of gender
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The Mechanisms is whih gender develop
- 1. Observation
- 2. Imitation
- 3. Rewards & Punsihment
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A theory that states gender typing emerges as childen gradually develop gender schemas of what is gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate in their culture
Gender schema theroy
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What are the 4 Baumrind Parenting Styles
- Authoritatian Parent
- Authoritative Parent
- Negletful Parent
- Indulgent Parent
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A restrictive, punitve style parent that exhort the child to follow their directions and respecct their work and effort
Authoritarian parenting
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A parent that encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions
Authoritative Parent
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A sytle of parenting in which the parent is uninvolved in the child's life
Negletful Parenting
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4 Types of Child Maltreatment
- 1. Physical Abuse
- 2. Emotional Abuse
- 3. Sexual Abuse
- 4. Child Neglect
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A style of parenting in which parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them
Indulgent parent
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The Support that parent give to one another while raising a child
Coparenting
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What are the statistics for Working Mothers in the U.S.
More than 1 out of every 2 Parent w/ children under age 5
More than 2 out of every 3 Paent w/ children 6 - 17
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Culutural changes that occur when one culture comes into contact with another
Acculturation
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Behavior by infants intended to derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemes
Sensorimotor play
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The repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports
Practice Play
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Occurs when the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol
Symbolic Play
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A kind of "play" that inlvolces interactions with peers
Social Play
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A combination of sensorimotor play with symbolic representation. It occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or solution
Constructive Play
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The child may stnd in one spot or perform random movements that do not seem to have a goal
Unoccupied Play
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The child plays alone and independently of others
Solitary Play
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The child may talk with other children and ask questions but does not participate in the play
Onlooker Play
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The child plays seperate from others but with toys like those the others are using or in a manner that mimics their play
Parallel Play
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Social interaction in a group with little or no organization of play. Chilren seem to be more interested in each other than in the task they are performing
Associative Play
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Consist of social interaction in a group with a sense of group identity and organized activity. Ex - Children formal games, competition aimed at winning, and groups formed by teachers
Cooperative Play
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