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Division of eurkaryotic cells into two identical cells is called?
Mitosis
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Mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the?
Nucleus and chromosomes
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What kinds of cells are not associated with meiosis?
somatic cells (body cells)
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What are chromatids that are attached at the centromere called?
sister chromatids
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What are proteins called that resemble spools on which DNA molecules are wound?
histones
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What are portions of a DNA molecule wound around a spool of histone protein called?
Nucleosome
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What is the number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome?
2
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What is unique about chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
the number of chromosomes is the same for all members of a species
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When does DNA replication occur?
between the gap phases of interphase
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When are chromosome and genes replicated?
Interphase
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During what stage of the cell cycle are chromosomes duplicated?
Sphase
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What is the interval before the onset of DNA
replication called?
G1 phase
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What is the stage just preceding nuclear and
cytoplasmic division?
G2 phase
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How many sister chromatids are present after duplication?
40
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If a parent cell has 20 chromosomes, then each
daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?
20.
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What are cells called with two of each kind of
chromosome
diploid
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The spindle apparatus composed of what
microtubules
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When does the spindle apparatus begin to become
visible
Prophase
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When are the chromosomes aligned at the spindle
equator
Metaphase
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When do the chromatids detach from one another
and become visibly separate chromosomes
Anaphase
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When do chromosomes move to opposite poles
Anaphase
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When do chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
Telophase
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When does the nuclear membrane reform
Telophase
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What are the correct stages of mitosis in order
PMAT
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When is the distribution of cytoplasm to
daughter cells accomplished
cytokinesis
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What is the tissue mass called that forms when
cells do not respond to normal controls over growth and division
tumor
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What are unusual growths of cells that do not
pose a threat to surrounding tissues called
benign
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What is the spread of cancer from one site to
another in the body called
metastasis
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What are some typical sites for the occurrence
of meiosis
ovaries
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What does sexual reproduction result in
new combinations of genetic traits
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What are alleles
different forms of the same gene
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What are some things that happen during meiosis
- -genes are shuffled
- -parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes
- -diploid chromosome # is reduced to haploids
- -offspring are provided with new gene combinations
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Chromosomes of a pair of homologous chromosomes
may differ from other chromosomes in terms of what
size, shape, alleles they carry, postition of the centromere
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In meiosis, when do sister chromosomes separate
from each other
Anaphase II
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Know what the different stages of mitosis and meiosis look like.
page 147, pg 164, pg 158
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When does crossing over occur
Prophase I
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Which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes
appear as packets of four chromatids
Prophase I
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In anaphase, what are the chromosomes beginning
to do
chromosomes move apart
-
In what stage are paired homologous chromosomes
found at the equatorial plate
Metaphase I
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How many molecules of DNA are present in a
developing human sperm cell at the beginning of prophase I
92
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When does major gene reshuffling take place
Prophase I
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What ultimately happens to sister chromatids of each chromosome during meiosis II
sister chromatids are seperated from each other
-
How many haploid cells are the result of meiosis
4
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Know what the end products of oogenesis and spermatogenesis
are called
4 sperm, lovum and 3 polar bodies (pg. 163)
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When does pairing of homologues occur in meiosis
Prophase I
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During what phase do homologues separate
Anaphase I
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What are examples of haploid cells? What is an
example of a diploid cell
- Haploid: spore, egg, sperm, gametophyte.
- Diploid: Zygote
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Know the order of stages in reproduction and
development
Gamete, Fert, Cleavage, Gastrulation, organ formation, growth
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What is a single-layered, fluid-filled ball of
cells called
Blastula
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What process produces the blastula
Cleavage
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What process produces an embryo with primary
tissue layers
Gastulation
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