(Proteins)1. High tensile strength2. Light weight3. Elastic
Spider web function
Interposition
Stop
Retain
Ballooning
dispersal mechanism for spiders
Spider venom
All spiders (except a single family) have venomglands
Mixture of neurotoxic polypeptides, proteolyticenzymes, biogenic amines
Only 20–30 of 30,000+ species are harmful to man
Class Insecta
(insects)
Freshwater, terrestrial, few saltwater
Major segmentation: head, thorax, abdomen
Ventral nerve cord
Open circulatory system
Metamorphosis
Two pairs of wings
Insect compound eye is made of
thousands of omatidium, which are all technically functional eyes and like a pixal on a computer screen come together to make an image to the insect
Insects have a ------------ circulatory system with -----------
open circulatory system with hemolymph
Metamorphosis
An abrupt, substantial change inmorphology from one developmentalstage to another in an animal’s life cycle
incomplete metamorphosis
one stage of larval development passes into another. The last one is bigger that the previous one but there does not seem to be marked morphological change. Larva- instars- nymphs- adult. Cockroach is an example.
Complete metamorphosis
In complete metamorphosis one stage differs markedly from the other, for example, larva is very much different from the shape of pupa and the adult is very much different from the pupa.
paranotal lobes
3 prs. paranotal lobes: Extensions of thoracic segments for gliding. Theory for development of insect wings
Migrant Phenotype of monarch
Reproductive diapauseve
Suppress synthesis of juvenile hormonev
Live 7-9 months
Deuterostomes
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Xenoturbellida
Chordata
Echinodermata
• Marine
• Bilaterally symmetric larvae
• Radially symmetric adults
• Metamorphosis
• Water vascular system
• Endoskeleton
Urochordata tunicates
Adult is basically just pharyngeal gill slits, lives by filtration
They are covered by a tough leathery material call a tunic, giving them their name
Salp
Bud off clones in response to phytoplankton blooms
Myxinoidea hagfishes
• Partial cranium
• Jawless
• Notochord persists
• Four pairs of sensorytentacles
Did anyone else take notes from the slide about the paired fins and teeth?
Modified vertebrae transmit body weight through limbs to the ground
Germ layers
Endo-The inner layer, digestive tube
Meso-middle layer, muscles,
additional layers
Ecto- inner layer, digestive tube
Cleavage
- series of rapid mitotic cell division that produces smaller cells and transforms a zygote into a multicellular blastula, or blastopore in animals
Blastula-
vertebrate development, a hollow ball
of cells (blastomerecells) that is formed by cleavage of a zygote and immediately undergoes gastrulation
Blastopore-
small opening (pore) in the surface of an early vertebrate embryo, through which cells move during gastrulation
Deuterostomes-
anus develops before the mouth, pockets of mesoderm pinch off to form coelom
Protostomes-
the mouth develops before the anus, and blocks of mesoderm hollow out to form the coelom
What clade in Animalia is the sister taxon to the remaining animals?
sponges?
Compare the two clades above RE similarities and differences.
o Sister taxon relationship betweenchoanoflagellates & animalso 1. Morphology: collar cells ofspongeso 2. More morphology: collar cells inother animalso 3. DNA sequence data; cell signaling& adhesion geneso However, charnoflagellates areunicellular or colonial and sponges are multicullular
List the major groups within the Reptilia?
What synapomorphy unites them all?
Aves
Testudinia
Crocodila
Lepidosaura
Synapomorphy- scales with hard keratin
Which of the following cell type in the Porifera possesses a flagellum?
choanocyte
The motile stage of a typical cnidarian life cycle is known as a
medusa
Neurons arise from which germ layer?
ectoderm
Recent evidence demonstrates that some cnidarians are actually triploblastic
True
Name the clade of triploblastic animals in which the blastopore becomes the mouth and in which several major lineages have a larva with a band of cilia around its circumference.
Lophotrochozoa
Genes that produce proteins responsible for_____ constitute a synapomorphy for choanoflagellates and animals.
cell signaling
Which of the following characters or conditions distinguish the Ctenophora from Cnidaria?
colloblasts
The symbiotic protists found in many corals are
dinoflagellates
Which of the two cindarians had you rather have sting you?
