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What is digestion?
The chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments suitable for absorption by the digestive epithelium.
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Digestive mesenteries are made of
double sheets of peritoneal membrane
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What do the mesenteries do?
Stabilize the positions of the attached organs and prevent the intestines from becoming entangled.
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What is the inner lining of the digestive tract?
The mucosa
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What is the mucosa?
A mucous membrane consisting of an epithelium, moistened by glandular secretios and a lamina propria of areolar tissue
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Where is simple columnar epithelium located?
- The stomach
- small intestine
- almost the entire length of the large intestine
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This is called the digestive epithelium
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The digestive epithelium contains _________ cells.
Goblet
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Where does most absorption occur?
Large intestine
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Contractions in these layers alter the shape of the lumen and move the epithelial pleats and folds.
the lamina propria
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The submucosa has large ____ ________ and _______ ________
Blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
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The submucosal plexus is also called the
plexus of Meissner
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The plexus of Meissner contains ______ ______, parasympathetic ganglionic neurons, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers that innervate the mucosa and submucosa.
sensory neurons
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Muscularis externa
- The myenteric plexus is also called the
- plexus of Auerbach
- (mys, intestine)
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The Plexus of Auerbach network is made up of
- Parasympathetic ganglia
- Sensory neurons
- interneurons
- sympathetic post ganglionic fibers
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Where does the myenteric plexus lie?
between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers
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The muscular layer of the digestive tract consist of
visceral smooth muscle tissue
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These smooth muscle cells undergo _______ _____ and their ______ triggers a wave of contractions that spreads through the entire _____ ____
- spontaneous depolarization
- Contraction
- muscular sheet
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_________ consists of waves of muscular contractions that move a bolus along the length of the digestive tract.
Peristalsis
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What is a bolus?
A small oval mass of digestive contents (in this case)
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These movements churn and fragment the bolus, mixing the contents with intestinal secretions.
segmentation
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The lateral walls of the oral cavity
cheeks
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The cheeks are supported by the pads of fat and the _______ ______
buccinator muscles
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The space between the cheeks (or lips) and the teeth
vestibule
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The passageway between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
fauces
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The bulk of each tooth that consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone
dentin
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How does dentin differ from bone?
It doesn't contain cells
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The ____ _____ receives blood vessels and nerves from the root canal.
pulp cavity
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The narrow tunnel located at the root, or base, of the tooth
the root canal
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The layer that covers the dentin of the root, providing protection.
Cementum
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Cementum also
firmly anchors the periodontal ligament
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The layer that covers the dentin of the crown
Enamel
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The blade-shaped teeth located at the front of the mouth are the _____
incisors
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Incisors are useful for _____ or _____, such as when you nip off the tip of a carrot stick.
clipping or cutting
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These teeth are conical, with a sharp ridgeline and a pointed tip.
the cuspids, or canines
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the cuspids are used for
tearing or slashing
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these teeth have very large flattened crowns with prominent ridges
Molars
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The molars excel at ______ and _____
crushing and grinding
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The _____ is a hollow muscular tube with a length of appx ___cm and a diameter of about ___cm at its widest point
- esophagus
- LENGTH 25cm (1ft)
- DIAMETER 2cm (0.75in)
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When your stomach is relaxed (empty), the mucosa is thrown into prominent folds called _____
rugae (wrinkles)
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The rugae (wrinkles) are temporary features that
let the gastric lumen expand.
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Gastric glands are dominated by 2 types of secretory cells, the ______ and _____ _____
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Parietal cells secrete
HCl and intrinsic factor
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Chief cells are most abundant near
the base of a gastric gland
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Chief cells secrete _______, an inactive proenzyme
pepsinogen
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