-
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
upper respiratory
-
function of upper respiratory (inhale)
filter, warm, humidify incomming air
-
function of upper respiratory components
protect delicate structures of lower respiratory
-
function of upper respiratory (exhale)
cool, dehumidify outgoing air
-
pirmary passageway for entering the respiratory system
nose
-
air enters through
paired external nares, or nostrils
-
where do nostrils lead to?
opening up into the nasal cavity
-
space within the flexible tissues of the nose
vestibule
-
vestibule epithelium contain
course hairs, extending across nares
-
prevents sand, airborne particals, and insects from entering the nose
course hairs on vestibular epithelium
-
made up portions of the maxillary and palatine bones
hard palate
-
floor of nasal cavity
hard palate
-
separates nasal cavity and oral cavity
hard palate
-
chamber shared by digestive and respiratory
pharynx
-
tissue on laryngopharynx and oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
-
stratified, squamous epithelium
resists abrasion, chemical attack, and invasions by pathogens
-
where inhaled air leaves pharynx and enters larynx
glottis
-
cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects glottis
larynx
-
unpaired cartilages that form larynx (3)
- 1- thyroid cartilage
- 2- cricoid cartilage
- 3- epiglottis
-
largest laryngeal cartilage
thyroid cartilage
-
consists of hyline cartliage
thyroid cartilage
-
forms anterior and lateral walls of the larynx
thyroid cartilage
-
what happens during swallowing?
larynx elevates, epiglottis folds back over glottis (prevents food from entering)
-
cartilages of Larynx (3)
- 1- arytenoid
- 2- corniculate
- 3- cuneiform
-
cartilage articulate with superior border of enlarged portion of cricoid cartilage
arytenoid
-
articulate with arytenoid cartilages
corniculate
-
opening and closing of the glottis, and production of sound
arytenoid and corniculate
-
involved in the production of sound
vocal folds a.k.a. vocal cords
-
the trachea braches with the
mediastinum
-
trachea branching to the mediastinum gives rise to the _____ and _____
Right pulmonary bronchi and left pulmonary bronchi
-
divides the lungs into pulmonary lobules
interlobular septa
-
simple squamous epithelium
alveolar epithelium
-
Type I cells
simple squamous epithelium, thin and delicate
-
alveolar ducts
thin, delicate, air bubbles
-
what causes the alveolar walls not to collapse?
surfactant- without it, the walls would collapse
-
physical movement of air into and out of the lungs
pulmonary ventilation; breathing
-
normal intestinal fluids PO2?
40 mm Hg
-
blood entering the systemic circuits PO2?
40 mm Hg
-
oxygen molecules bind to ___
hemoglobin (Hb) molecules (Fe)
-
where are Fe ions
at centers of Hb units
-
important regulator of respiration
CO2
-
increase of arterial blood
hypercapnia
-
prevents overexpansion of lungs during forced breathing
inflation reflex
-
location of strech receptors for inflation reflex
smooth muscle tissues around bronchioles
-
inflation reflex stimulated by
lung expanion
-
inhibits expiratory centers, stimulates inspiratory centers, when lungs deflate
deflating reflex
|
|
