BIOL141-test3 --c.19.txt

O2 consumed by a relaxed, awake person 12-14 hours after eating is the _____________, affected by thyroid activity

to construct molecules from smaller ones is called ___________

Vitamins ADEK are fat ________________

vitamins B & C are _________________

vitamin __ : needed for blood clots

vitamin ___: needed for calcium metabolism

Vitamin ___: involved in embryonic development, T cell activity, & epitehlial function

vitamin ____: encourages inflammatory response & antioxidant

Molecules with unpaired electrons ---Very reactive in the body � either oxidizing (removing electrons) or reducing (adding electrons) from other molecules

mechanisms that defend a set amount of adipose tissue: ______________

energy is stored in _______ fat as triglycerides

_______ regulates the reproductive function of women in the hypothalamus; low body fat = no menstruation

____ is secreted by the stomach when its empty to stimulate hunger

insulin reduces hunger directly? True/false?
True False

_____ fat is responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis

glucagon ____ conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

in the liver, fatty acids are converted to _________ bodies to be used as energy sources

Type ___ diabetes is an autoimmune disease

_______ makes skeletal muscles more sensitive to insulin

___DL lipids are "good" lipids

In diabetes, the increased glucose in the blood commonly leads to ________ and ________

__________ is released as a part of GAS in response to stress

_______ Acts on most cells in the body to increase rates of cellular respiration by decreasing intracellular ATP levels

growth hormone is secreted by the ____________ pituitary

IGF-1 mediates __________ growth

Excessive release of growth hormone in childhood = _______

Once the cartilage is converted to bone in the ____________, no more height can be achieved (growth)

Excess release of growth hormone in adults = ___________, which includes growth of soft tissues, elongation of the jaw, and deformities of the face, hands, and feet

Inadequate production of growth hormone can produce several forms of ______________

Magnesium is needed to create _____, which a deficiency would lead to hypocalcemia

_______________ break down bone(resorb), while ___________ build bone up(deposition)

__________ Inhibits resorption of bone by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Men are less prone to __________ because they make testosterone their whole lives while women stop making estrogen at menopause

the BMR (basal metabolic rate) is affected by the ______ gland

there are 9 essential amino acids, and __ essential fatty acids (essential = cannot be made within the body)

RDA in regard to food stands for

UV rays, pollution, poor nutrition, & stress are causes of increased _________

apoptosis, degeneration (aging), cancer, inflammatory, neurological, & cardio diseases can result from _____ stress

antioxidants ___ & ____ pick up unpaired electrons

NH₂ (nitrogenous) waste is a result of protein metabolism. urea is _________, while ammonia is _________

damage to the VMHypothalamus (a hunger stimulation center), would result in __________ hunger

GLUT-4 is responsible for ________ transfer into skeletal muscles

increased blood glucose levels would be correlated with (increased or decreased?) insulin levels

ketoacidosis is linked with which type of diabetes?

high levels of blood glucose can _________ blood vessels

calcitonin __________ osteoclasts