-
Humalog (Lispro)
Onset
Peak
Duration
- Onset: 15-30 min
- Peak: 30-90min
- Duration: 3-5 hours
-
Novolog (Aspart)
Onset
Peak
Duration
-
Regular humulin or novolin
Onset
Peak
Duration
- O: 30-1hr
- P: 2-5 hrs
- D: 5-8 hrs
-
NPH (N)
Onset
Peak
Duration
- O: 1-2 hrs
- P: 4-12 hrs
- D: 18-24 hrs
-
Lente (L)
Onset
Peak
Duration
- O: 1-2.5 hrs
- P: 3-10 hrs
- D: 18-24 hrs
-
Lantus
Onset
Peak
Duration
- O: 1-1.5 hrs
- P: No peak
- D: 20-24 hrs
-
Levemir
(extremely expensive)
O:
P:
D:
- O: 1-2 hrs
- P: 6-8 hrs
- D: up to 24
-
Glucotrol
Diabeta
Micronase
Sulfonalureas
-
Increase insulin from pancreas, inhance insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells
Decreases hepatic glucose production
Sulfonalureas
-
Metformin (Glucophage)
Biguanides
-
Prevents inappropriate hepatic glyconeogenesis
Doesn't stimulate insulin release
Acts purely on the liver and glucose metabolism
(works by inhibiting the production and release of glucose from your liver, which means you need less insulin to transport blood sugar into cells, causes less weight gain)
Biguanides
-
Most common side effect for sulfonylurea drugs
- low blood sugar esoecially during the first four months
- much greater risk of low blood sugar if impaired kidney or liver function
-
Most common side effect for Biguanides
- Metallic taste, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal bloating, pain, gas and diarrhea
- Less likely if eating with food
- rare but serious is lactic acidosis- tiredness, weakness, muscle aches, dizziness, and drowsiness
-
Alpha-Glucosidase
Precose
-
Reduce post meal glucose by slowing intestinal digestion and absorption of CHO
Take before meals
Prevents the rapid increase of blood sugar
Alpha-Glucosidase
-
Thiazolidinedione Antibetic agents: "insulin sensitizers"
-
Enhances insulin action
Promotes glucose utilization in peripheral tissues
(Make your body tissues more sensitive to insulin and keep you liver from overproducing glucose)
Thiazolidinedione Antibetic agents
-
Side effects for actos or avandia
- swelling
- weight gain
- fatigue
- Liver damage- Make sure to have liver checked every 2 months in first year of therapy
- Contact doctor if signs of liver damage- N&V, abdominal pain, losss of appetitie, dark urine, jaundice
-
-
Stimulates release of insulin from working B cells
Decreases hepatic glucose production
DDP4 inhibitors
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