AP BIO CHP 35 III

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?
A) endodermis
B) cortex
C) phloem
D) pericycle
E) epidermis

42) A monocot stem is represented by
A) I only.
B) II only.
C) III only.
D) IV only.
E) both I and III.

A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented by
A) I only.
B) II only.
C) III only.
D) IV only.
E) both I and III.

A woody eudicot is represented by
A) I only.
B) II only.
C) III only.
D) IV only.
E) both I and III.

A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be
A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem.
B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular
to the surface of the meristem.
C) pre-prophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the
shoot apical meristem.
D) elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical
meristem.
E) formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem.

Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called
A) phloem cells.
B) stomata.
C) hairs.
D) sclereids.
E) xylem cells.

Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants?
A) Some plants lack secondary growth.
B) Only secondary growth produces reproductive structures.
C) Only primary growth is localized at meristems.
D) Monocots have only primary growth, and eudicots have only secondary growth.
E) Only stems have secondary growth.

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except
A) mesophyll-photosynthesis.
B) guard cell-regulation of transpiration.
C) sieve-tube member-translocation.
D) vessel element-water transport.
E) companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. The nail is now __________ meters above the ground.
A) 1.5
B) 3.0
C) 0.5
D) 15.0
E) 28.5

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as
A) secondary tissues.
B) lateral tissues.
C) pith.
D) shoots and roots.
E) dermal and ground tissue.

Which of the following is a true statement?
A) Flowers may have secondary growth.
B) Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves.
C) Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
D) Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant.
E) Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?
A) mesophyll cells
B) primary xylem
C) secondary xylem
D) secondary phloem
E) vascular cambium

The vascular system of a three-year-old eudicot stem consists of
A) 3 rings of xylem and 1 of phloem.
B) 2 rings of xylem and 1 of phloem.
C) 3 rings of xylem and 3 of phloem.
D) 2 rings of xylem and 2 of phloem.
E) 2 rings of xylem and 3 of phloem.

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order,
A) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem.
B) the newest xylem, oldest phloem, and periderm.
C) the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium.
D) the annual rings, phloem, and bark.
E) the summer wood, bark, and phloem

Which of the following is true of bark?
A) It is formed by the apical meristems.
B) It is associated with annuals but not perennials.
C) It forms annual rings in deciduous trees
D) It is composed of phloem plus periderm.
E) It has no identifiable function in trees.

Bark becomes scaly because
A) some cork cells die and slough off while others remain alive.
B) cork cambium divides only parallel to the surface, and thus does not increase in
C) ray parenchyma supplies only the ʺridgesʺ of bark.
D) the cork cambium stops dividing in certain places.
circumference.
E) cork cambium has both ray and fusiform initials.

Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s) that George left functional was (were) the
A) phloem.
B) cork cambium.
C) companion and sieve-tube members.
D) cortex.
E) xylem.

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?
A) endodermis
B) phloem
C) vascular cambium
D) apical meristem
E) xylem

How does the fass mutation in Arabidopsis result in a stubby plant rather than a normal elongated one?
A) The cellʹs pattern of migration in the apical meristem is disrupted.
B) Lack of formation of the preprophase band results in random planes of cell division.
C) Cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall do not form, resulting in a shorter plant.
D) Meristem identity genes produce defective transcription factors, resulting in a stubby
shoot.
E) Juvenile nodes retain their juvenile status and elongated cells do not develop.

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?
A) A and B genes only.
B) B genes only.
C) A genes only.
D) A and C genes only.
E) C genes only.

A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower. Which flower part(s) will develop in this plant?
A) sepals.
B) petals
C) stamens
D) carpels
E) both sepals and petals.

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what information can be inferred?
A) More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.
B) The colored regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals.
C) The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues.
D) The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects.
E) The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals.

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must
A) enzymatically digest their primary cell walls.
B) differentiate into procambium.
C) undergo dedifferentiation.
D) increase the number of chromosomes in their nuclei.
E) establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm.

The polarity of a plant is established when
A) the zygote divides.
B) the primary root breaks through the seed coat.
C) the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates.
D) cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo.
E) the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo.

ʺTotipotencyʺ is a term used to describe the ability of a cell to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that
A) the cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes.
B) plant development is not under genetic control.
C) a cellʹs environment has no effect on its differentiation.
D) sexual reproduction is not necessary in plants.
E) cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression.

Which of the following statements is false?
A) Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis.
B) Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be
C) A preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing cell.
D) The way in which a plant cell differentiates is determined by the cellʹs position in the developing plant body.
turned ʺonʺ and ʺoff.ʺ
E) Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced