Biology: mitosis

body cell

• Interphase
• After chromosome replication, each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids.
• Centrosomes have replicated.

• Prophase
• Chromosomes condense, and mitotic spindle begins to form.

• Prometaphase
• Nuclear envelope breaks down. Spindle fibers contact chromosomes at kinetochore

• Metaphase
• Chromosomes complete migration to middle of cell

• Anaphase
• Sister chromatds separate
• Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

• Telophase
• The nuclear envelope re-forms.
• The spindle apparatus disintegrates.

• Cytokinesis
• (left) Cell division begins: Actin-Myosin ring causes the plasma membrane to begin pinching in.
• (right)cell division is complete: Two daughter cells form.

• Division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.
• Typically occurs immediately after division of the nucleus by mitosis or meiosis.

Any form of reproduction resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

• The phase of the cell cycle during which cell division occurs.
• Includes mitosis and cytokinesis

The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated.

The phase of the cell cycle that constitutes the first part of interphase before DNA synthesis (S phase).

The phase of the cell cycle between synthesis of DNA (S phase) and mitosis (M phase); the last part of interphase

The complex of DNA and proteins

One of the two identical strands composing a replicate chromosome that is connected at the centromere to the other strand.

Constricted region of a replicated chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and the kinetochore is located.

The paired strands of a recently replicated chromosome, which are connected at the centromere

Any of several points in the cell cycle at which progression of a cell through the cycle can be regulated.

• Pass this checkpoint if:
• nutrients are sufficient
• growth factors (signals from other cells) are present
• cell size is adequate
• DNA is undamaged

• Pass this checkpoint if:
• chromosome replication is successfully completed
• no DNA damaged
• activated MPF present

• Pass this checkpoint if:
• all chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle