clinical terms

a fungal infection of the skin of the foot caused by agents including candida and trichophyton aka tinea pedis

a bacterial infection of a hair follicle and or sebaceous gland

a bacterial infection similar to a boil that spreads into the subcutaneous tissue

a circumscribed painful horny induration and thickening of the skin caused by friction or pressure from poorly fitting shoes

a severe bedsore or ulcer that forms due to the obstruction of blood flow may occur especially on the elbow hip and leg

excessive or profuse sweating

a general term used to describe any superficial inflammatory process involving the skin, generally marked by redness, itching, tiny papules, and weeping oozing vesicles, common in children due to allergic reactions to food or inhalants

localized tumor of the skin and tsubcutaneous layer resulting from an abnormal increase in blood vessels, one example portwine stain

an accidental or induced condition of lowered body temperature

an accidental or induced condition of elevated body temperature

any abnormal horny or keratinized growth such as a wart or callus

an elevated enlarging fibrous scar usually initiated by an injury

an inflammatory by rarely contagious bacterial disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, may result in peripheral sensory nerve damage

a circumscribed often congenital discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane aka a mole

an infection of lice affecting the head and body or genitalia, the disease causes intense itching and may lead to secondary infection

a small purplish round non raised hemorrhagic spot on the skin usually red in color, may precede eruptions usch as from syphilis, measles, or small pox

a severe itching common in skin disorders, allergy and parasitic infestations

a chronic skin disease in which the cells in the epidermis divide more frequently than normal forming bright red patches covered with silvery scales

a popular term infections of the skin due to vaious species of fungi

a contagious itchy dermatosis caused by the itch mite sarcoptes scabiei. the mites form burrows in the folds of the skin in the groin and chest and cause extensive edema

a vacular reaction of the skin in which there are transient elevated reddish patches with severe itching aka hives may be caused by reactions to foods infections or stress

a circumscribed elevated cutaneous tumor usually caused by papilloma viruses( begnin small tumor)

an abnormal enlargement of the extremities of middle aged persons especially the cranial and facial bones and the bones of the hands and feet

a disease that causes inflamed swollen and painful joints

an autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membrane of the joint becomes inflammed and thickens forming a mass called a mannus. the articular cartilage becomes damaged and fibrous tissue infiltrates it, the joint may ossify in time accompanied by fatigue, muscular atrophy, anemia and osteoporosis

most common form of arthritis, the area of the joint deforms, the articular cartilage softens and disintegrates, the joints become painful and movement restricted

a caterial infection passed in the tick bite causing rash fatigue and flu like aches and pains, several weeks later intermittent arthritis of several joints may develop

a congenital defect in the fusion of the embryonic maxillary and or median nasal processed leading to a minor or major fissure of the soft body tissue of the lip and palate, may be unilateral or bilateral complete or incomplete. surgical repair is usually necessary

a laterally defected nasal septum that if severe may block a nasal passageway thus requiring surgery

an abnormally enlargement of the cranium, may be due to improper fusion or devellopment of the fontanels or to continued production of growth hormones

an abnormally small cranium often due to premature closure of the fontanels

any condition in which bone breakdown outraces bone formation causing bones to be porous and weaken

may be congenital or result from disease or poor posture

swayback, the lumbar curve is accentuated may result from tuberculosis or rickets

hunchback, thoracic curve is accentuated common in aged indiciduals because of osteoporosis but may also be due to tuberculosis of the spine rickets or osteomalacia

due to a laterla curvature usually in the thoracic region severe cases are treated with body braces and surgery

absence of one or both kidneys

an absence of urine may be due to kidney failure or to an obstruction in a kidney pathway

hereditary disease causing the faulty development of the renal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys, cysts develop enlarge and destroy renal fuction relatively common cause of renal faiulure

condition characterized by a excretion of a large volue (5-20 liters per day) of very dilute urine may be due to a defect in the production of adh or an insensitivity of the cell of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts to adh

an increased production of urine

painful urination

a kidney displaced from its normal position

presence of blood in urine which may be due to lesions in the urinary tract, blood originating from the upper portion of the tract maight be due to glomerulonephritis, a malignancy infection or a stone, lower tract hemorrhage might be due to infection, malignancy a stone or urethritis

a scanty output of urine

an excessive output of urine

usually caused vy gram negatice bacteria in the urethra, causes pain and buring urination

support soft tissue
site of attachment for muscles
protect internal organs
allow for movement since bones provide leverage for muscle contraction
storage of minerals especially calcium and phosphorus
heopoiesis in red bone marrow (formation of blood cells)
storage of lipids in yellow bone marrow for energy

1. broken blood vessels form clot called a fracture hematoma
2.phagocytes and osteoclasts remove traumatized tissue
3.blood capillaries organize the hematoms into granulation tissue called procallus
4.fibroblasts form periosteum and osteoprogenator cells produce collagen fibers
5.chondroblasts form and produce fibrocartialge to form soft callus
6.fibrocatilage is converted to spongy bone called hard callus
7.remodeling of spongy bone to compact bone

this membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior portion of the body

this is not found in the epidermis

this layer of the dermis includes thermo receptors called meissners corpuscles

this is not a characteristic of the skin

this is a defect of melanin production which gives a person little or no pigment in the hair skin or eyes

these cells are responsible for bone formation

this is the functional unit for spongy bone

this is not an example of flat bone

what is the first step in the process of bone repair

this vitamin has a homrone calcitriol which promotes removal of calcium but increases calcium absorption by intestines

this movement increases the angle of the joint, it can be seen by straightening a flexed neck trunk elbow or knee

which is not a fibrous joint

this type of articulation is considered slightly moveable

this is an example of a gomphosis articulation

this joint allows for flexion and extension only

which of these tendons is not part of the rotator cuff

this type of arthritis is most prevalent in elders and can also be due to wear and tear

gouty arthritis is caused by hight levels of

which of the following is not a fucntion fo the urinary system

which of these external layers cushions and holds the kidney in place

this nephron travels down into the deulla pyramids

which is not part of the internal structure of the kidney

this is where most of the water is reabsorbed by obligatory water reabsorption

renin removes amyloid hormone from angiotensinogen to form

which of the following is the correct filtration fraction