Bio Sat2 Ch7

The theory of original life on earth during a time when the atomosphere was mostly hydrogen, ammonia meathane and water.

• Cannont synthesize food.
• The first cells were heterotrophs.

Synthesizes own food from solar energy

• Organisms that function without oxygen.
• The early organisms were anaerobic, and then autotrophs produced oxygen as a waste product.

All the genes of the organisms in a population.

The fact that each person in a population has a distinct set of genes.

The cause of genetic variability in organisms.

The evidence about history of life on earth.

A change in population's gene pool.

The better competitors are better at staying alive, and they have a better chance of reproducing.

An organisms ability to contribute to the next generation's genepool.

A group of organisms that can produce fertle offspring together.

Formation of a new species.

Organisms of the same species develope different behaviors and traits.

Drifted apart.

Similar structures in organisms, that dictate common ancestry.

• Evolution that results in similar behavioral and physical traits between two separates populations/species.
• Never leading to one species being formed out of two.

Not structurely similar, but adapted through convergent evolution.

Useless structures that were once used.

• The organization of organisms by evolutionary traits.
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

The organization of orgaisms by evolutionary traits.

Developed the binomial nomenclature.

• Classifing an orgaism by its genus and species.
• Ie. Canis familiaris

• Includes prokaryotes, and ocmmon bacteria.
• Includes Eubacteria, and within that Cynobacteria
• aka blue-green algae.
• Cynaobacteria can photosynthesize.

• Made up of prokaryotes in the Archaebacteria kingdom.
• They have no nuclei or organelles, but have similar amino acid structures to eukarytoes.
• Live in extreme environments.

• Organisms that live in extremely harsh environments.
• Ex. Archaebacteria.

• Live in extremely salty conditions.
• halo = salty

• Live in extremely hot conditions
• thermo =hot

• Extreme anaerobes that release methane has as a waste product.
• Methan

• Domain of Eukaryotes.
• All contain nuclei, membrane-bound organelles, and linear DNA.
• Divided into four main kingdoms.
• Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

• Eukaryotes, that ar mostly unicelular, some are in colonies, and some are multicellular, such as algae.
• Basically in three main groups, protozoa, algae and fungus-like.
• Contains Phylum:
• Rhizopoda(Amoeba)
• Apicomlexa (sporozoans)
• Ciliophora (Ciliates)
• Myxomycota and Acrasiomycota (Slime molds)
• Euglenophyta (Euglena)
• Bacilariophyta (Diatoms)
• Phaeopyta( Brown Algae)

Animal-like protists

Plant-like protists

• All multicellular, eukaryotic, and photosynthetic.
• In Divisions, instead of Phylum.
• Grouped based on Nonvascular, or vascular.
• Vascular is divided into seedles or seed plants.
• Seed plants is divided into flowering plants or non-flowering plants.

• Lack Xylem and Phloem, the vascular tissue.
• Have no roots, stems, or leaves.
• They live in very wet enviroments.
• Ie. Moss

• Contain Xylem and phloem.
• Have stems leaves and roots.
• BAsed on what type they are they may have seeds or spores, and/ or flowers.

• Contain Xylem and phloem.
• Have stems leaves and roots.
• Have spores, not seeds.
• Spores are scattered by the wind.

• Conifer refers to the cones that carry seeds.
• Contain Xylem and phloem.
• Have stems leaves and roots.
• No seed coat.
• Mostly large ever-green trees.

Non-flowering plants

flowering plants

Vascular plant tissue.

• Ferns have spores.
• They are scattered by the wind.

• A class of flowering plants, they are named for the single-seed leaves.
• They have parallel veins in their leaves.
• Mulitples of threes for flower parts.
• A complex arangement in thier stems and fibrous roots.

• A class of flowerin plants, they are named for thir two seed leave.
• Netlike veins.
• flower parts in multiples of four or five.
• tissue in rings and taproot system.

Seeded leaves.

• All Eukarytoic and aside from yeast, all multicellular.
• Mostly have more then on nucleus, and are heterotrophic.
• They are absorbiticve feeders.
• They are decomposers.
• Divisions are:
• Zygomycota- common molds
• Basidiomycota- club fungi ie. mushrooms.

• Animals are eukarytoic, multicellular, and heterotrophic.
• Six phyla:
• Porifera (Sponges)
• Cnidaira (Coelenterates)
• Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
• Mollusca (Mollusks)
• Annelida (Segmented Worms)
• Arthropoda (Arthropods)
• Echniodermata (Echinoderms)
• Chordata (Chordates)

Non-moving

Sessile animals with a perforated body made of two layers of cells

Sponges with a central digestive system ie. jellyfish

Worms with heads ie. tapeworms

• Soft-bodied, with an outer shell. Also octopi and squid.
• They have a foot for movement
• A visceral mass for housing organs.
• A Mantle which may secrete a shell.

• Animals that have a closed circulation.
• They excrete waste through metanephrida.

• Have jointed apendages, an exoskelaton, and a segmented body.
• Excrete waste through Malpighian tubules.
• Includes crustaceans, insects, and arachnids.

• Slow-movind or sessile.
• Have spiny exoskelotens.
• Ie. sea urchins, sea stars.

• Have a gollow notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, and a tail.
• 6 classes- FARBM
• Chondrichthyes- Cartiligous fish ie. sharks, stingrays
• Osteichthyes- Bony fish ie. trout
• Amphibia- Amphibians ie. frogs, salamanders
• Reptilia- Reptiles ie. lizards, crocodiles
• Aves- birdes ie. Owls penguins.
• Mammalia- Mammals ie. humans kangaroos