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1. A psycological concept that examines the mind of the individual and why he or she exhibits a certain type of behavior.
2. Exploring managerial concepts that induce employees to act in a consistent, expectant way.
Motivation
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How is the Classical School of motivation organized?
Motivation comes from management with clearly defined rules and tasks.
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How is the Human Relations School of Motivation organized?
Tied to how workers were treated by their supervisors.
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How is the Behavioral School organized?
It puts emphasis on importance of manager and leader behavior that influences motivation.
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What was the Need Theory?
All people have needs whether they are physical or psycological.
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What was Theory X and Theroy Y?
- Theory X said management is responsible for organizing elements to achive an end. "Getting things done through other people"
- Theory Y said management is responsible for organizing the elements of a productive organization.
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What is the Achievement-Power-Affiliation Theory about?
- Achievement seeks success through their own efforts.
- Power is domination as a by product.
- Affiliation is motivation by people that they know.
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What is the Expectancy Theory?
If a certain amount of effort is put forth a calculated outcome will occur.
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What is the Equity Theory?
It is affected by his/her perception of fairness and how employees are actually treated.
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What is Theory Z?
It attempts to integrate the best of both X and Y
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What was the primary goal in early desings?
Efficiency
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According to Taylorism how were most people viewed?
As unmotivated and lazy
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Where did the most current changes in job design come from?
Job Satisfaction Surveys
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What percentage of people are happy with their job?
85%
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What demographic of people are most dissatisfied with their job?
Young
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Where did the Job Design Theory come from?
- Hawthorne studies at Western Electric
- Replaced Taylor's portrait of workers
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Who came up with the Motivation-Hygiene Theory?
Herzberg
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Hygiene factors such as pay, supervision, physical conditions, and interpersonal relationships do what?
The do not motivate people, merely prevent workers from becoming dissastisfied.
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What are some motivators?
Responsibility, recognition, and opportunities for achievement and growth.
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What does the Hygiene Theory assume?
That workers will be motivated when their hygiene needs are met
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What act had the most impact?
Americans with Disabilities
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What is leadership?
A process that effectively accomplishes organizational goals.
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Leadership in public bureaucracies is a...
Political process
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This is where the person recognizes the leader's right to make the request?
Legitimate request
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This is the threat of adverse outcome..
Coercion
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This is the trust in leader's judgement that envokes compliance without explaination...
Rational faith
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What is the Behavioral Model?
It focuses on how leaders interact with their subordiantes
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In Fiedler's Contingency Model leadership is constrained by 3 factors...
- 1. Leader-member relations
- 2. Task structure of organization
- 3. Postion power
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What is the Path Goal Model?
Leader's actions directly influence subordinates actions
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This type of leadership stresses concern for the employee.
Supportive Leadership
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This type of leadership is a collaborative effort?
Participative Leadership
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What are the measurements of success?
how things are accomplished
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What is the common believe that CRJ agencies are expected to provide multiple services to the community?
Goal Concensus
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What are the parts of the goal concesus that contradict each other?
- Community Policing v. Coercive Force (police)
- Due Process v. Efficiency (courts)
- Rehabilitation v. Retribution (corrections)
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What is organization structure?
- size matters
- budget
- differing goals
- degree of centralization
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What is the Human Service Model about?
Putting greater authority in the hands of the employees
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What are the constraints of supervison?
- Accountablity
- Equity
- Fiscal equity
- Efficiency
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What are the three parts to the roadmap?
- Defining job responsibilities
- Assinging work
- Setting performance goals
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What are the 9 dimensions of success?
- 1. Communication skills
- 2. Interpersonal Skills
- 3. Integrity
- 4. Commitment to service
- 5. Work ethic
- 6. Problem solving
- 7. Safety
- 8. Demenor
- 9. Operation of motor vehicle
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Effective supervison occurs with three skills. What are they?
- Technical skills- specailized knowledge
- Human skills- ability to work and motivate people
- Conceptual skills- analyze and diagnose complex situations
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What is the definiton of culture?
The complex whole of society.
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What is the definition of values?
Desirable goals
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What is the definition of norms?
Defines what people should and should not do
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What is the definition of folkways?
standard way of doing things
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What is the definition of mores?
right and wrong
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What is the definition of laws?
Codified mores enforced by the group.
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What are the most common forms of socialization?
- Recruiting employees that fit the organization
- Formal education
- Previous training/experience
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What is Occupational Socialization?
The process by which a person aquires the values, attitudes, and behaviors of an ongoing social system.
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What is the Organizational Culture?
A set of assumtions, values, and beliefs shared by members of an organization.
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What are the sanctions for social control?
Rewards and punishments for conformity/non-conformity
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What are the Stages of Socialization?
- 1. Anticipitory- look forward to demands of future job
- 2. Formal Socialization- formal training, exposure to veterans of job
- 3. Informal Socialization- relevant referrence group is peers
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What are the problems in the process?
- Role conflict- two or more expectations in conflict with each other
- Role ambiguity- not knowing what your role is
- Official deviance- clear violation of accepted practice
- Corruption- goes beyond deviance.
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What is Sequential Socialization?
Trainee passes through a series of steps: academy, field training, probationary work period
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What is Serial Socialization?
Relies on experienced officers
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What are investiture strategies?
Credentials of recruit allw entrance to the group
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What are Divestiture Strategies?
Strip away individualizaton during training
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