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What is a connection between 2 bones?
joint
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What are the functions of a joint?
- allows motion
- bears weight
- provides stability
- contains synovial fluid (lubricates jt, nourishes cartilage)
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What is a fibrous joint?
thin layer of fibrous peroisteum betweenm 2 bones
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What are the three types of fibrous joints?
- synarthrosis
- syndesmosis
- gomphosis
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What is a suture joint called?
synarthrosis
sutures in skull
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What is a ligamentous joint called?
syndesmosis
distal tibiofibular, distal radioulnar
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What is a peg-in-socket joint?
gomphosis
bolted together - tooth in dental socket
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What is a cartilaginous joint called?
amphiarthrodial
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What are the characteristics of an amphiarthrodial joint?
- -hyaline or fibrocartilage between 2 bones
- -allows sm. amt. of mvmt (bending, twisting, compression)
- -provides great deal of stability
- symphysis pubis - fibrocartilage
- verterbrae, 1st sternocostal jt - hyaline
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What is another name for synovial joint?
diarthrodial joint
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What are the characteristics of a diarthrodial joint?
- -no direct union between bone ends (allows free motion)
- -components: cavities filled with synovial fluid, articular surface smooth (covered with hyaline or articular cartilage)
hip, elbow, knee
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What are the 4 types of synovial joints?
- nonaxial
- uniaxial
- biaxial
- triaxial (multiaxial)
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What type of synovial joint is considered a plane joint/irregular, has only linear mvmt, gliding motion, the joint surfaces are flat (intercarpals)?
nonaxial
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What type of synovial joint has 1 axis/1 plane,and hinges or pivots (elbow, c1/c2)?
uniaxial
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What type of synovial joint has 2 axes/2 planes, and is condyle (ellipsoidal) or saddle (MCP, CMC)?
biaxial
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What type of synovial joint has 3 axes/3 planes, is a ball and socket, and is least stable (hip and shoulder)?
triaxial
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What are ligaments?
- hold bones together
- -bands of fibrous CT
- -provides attachement for cartilage,fascia, and muscle
- -flexible, but not elastic
- -allows jt mvmt
- -capsular ligaments surround and protect jts
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What is a jt capsule?
- surrounds and encases a jt
- -protects articular surfaces of bone
- -2 layers
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What lubricates articular cartilage, is used for shock absorption, nutrition and decreases friction?
synovial fluid
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What is the dense, fibrous CT that can withstand a great amt of pressure and tension?
cartilage
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what are the 3 types of cartilage?
- hyaline
- fibrocartilage
- elastic
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What type of cartilage is found at the end of opposing bones, has a smooth surface, no blood or nerve supply, and gets nutrition from synovial fluid?
hyaline (articular)
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What type of cartilage is for shock absorption, and is important in weight bearing joints?
fibrocartilage
menisci in knee, disc between sternum, clavicle, labrum, interverterbal disc
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What type of cartilage has a certain amt of motion, and provides shape?
elastic
symphysis pubis, larynx, external ear
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What attaches muscle to bone?
tendons
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What do you find in areas where tendons are subject to a lot of pressure or friction (acts as protection)?
tendon sheath
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What is an aponeurosis?
- tendon sheath
- -broad, flat tendon sheath
- -found where muscles attach to bone
in wrist, foot, lattisimus dorsi, linea alba (abs)
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What is a small padlike sac in areas of excessive friction?
bursa
under tendons or over bony prominences
olecranon bursa, students bursa
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What plane divides the body into right and left?
sagittal plane
flexion and extention occur here
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What plane divides the body into front and back?
frontal plane
abduction and adduction occur here
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What plane divides the body into top and bottom?
transverse plane
rotation occurs here
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What plane passes through the midline of a part?
cardinal plane
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What do you find at the intersection of all three planes?
COG
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What is an axis?
point that runs through the center of the joint around which a part rotates
joint mvmt occurs in an axis that is always perpendicular to its plane
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What axis runs from front to back? What plane is it associated with?
sagittal axis
frontal plane
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What axis runs from side to side? What plane is it associated with?
frontal axis
sagittal plane
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What axis runs from top to bottom? What plane is it associated with?
vertical axis (longitudinal)
transverse plane
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