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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) location of synthesis
Anterior pituitary
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) function
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release stress hormones called "glucocorticoids".
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Luteinizing hormone (LH) location of synthesis
Anterior pituitary
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Luteinizing hormone (LH) class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Luteinizing hormone (LH) function
Surge in LH causes ovulation; stimulates the secretion of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) location of synthesis
Anterior pituitary
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) function
Stimulates growth of the follicle during menstrual cycle and production of sperm.
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) location of synthesis
Anterior pituitary
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) function
Stimulates release of T3/T4 from the thyroid.
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Human Growth hormone (hGH) location of synthesis
Anterior pituitary
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Human Growth hormone (hGH) class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Human Growth hormone (hGH) function
Stimulates growth throughout the body.
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Prolactin location of synthesis
Anterior pituitary
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Prolactin class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Prolactin function
Stimulates milk production in the breasts.
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) location of synthesis
Posterior pituitary
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) function
Causes the collecting duct of the kidney to become highly permeable to water, concentrating the urine.
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Oxytocin location of synthesis
Posterior pituitary
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Oxytocin class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Oxytocin function
Stimulates contractions during childbirth and milk secretion during nursing.
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Parathyroid hormone location of synthesis
Parathyroid
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Parathyroid hormone class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Parathyroid hormone function
Increases blood calcium by stimulating proliferation of osteoclasts, uptake of Ca2+ in the gut, and reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidney.
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Insulin location of synthesis
Pancreas
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Insulin class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Insulin function
Stimulates uptake and storage of glucose from the blood.
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Glucagon location of synthesis
Pancreas
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Glucagon class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Glucagon function
Stimulates gluconeogenisis and release of glucose into the blood.
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Calcitonin location of synthesis
Thyroid
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Calcitonin class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Calcitonin function
Decreases blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) location of synthesis
Egg/placenta
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) class
Peptide and water-soluble
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) function
Prevents degeneration of the corpeus luteum, maintaining pregnancy.
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Aldosterone location of synthesis
Adrenal cortex
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Aldosterone class
Steroid and lipid-soluble
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Aldosterone function
Increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion at the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct; net increase in salts in the plasma, increasing osmotic potential and subsequently blood pressure.
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Cortisol location of synthesis
Adrenal cortex
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Cortisol class
Steroid and lipid-soluble
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Cortisol function
A stress hormone; increases gluconeogenesis in the liver and thus blood glucose levels; stimulates fat breakdown.
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Testosterone location of synthesis
Gonads/testes
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Testosterone class
Steroid and lipid-soluble
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Testosterone function
Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics and closing of epiphyseal plates.
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Estrogen location of synthesis
Gonads/ovaries
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Estrogen class
Steroid and lipid-soluble
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Estrogen function
Stimulates female sex organs; causes LH surge in menstruation.
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Progesterone location of synthesis
Gonads/ovaries
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Progesterone class
Steroid and lipid-soluble
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Progesterone function
Stimulates growth and maintenance of uterus during pregnancy.
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Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) location of synthesis
Thyroid
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Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) class
Tyrosine derivative and lipid-soluble
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Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) function
Increases basal metabolic rate, affecting metabolism.
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Epinephrine & Norepinephrine location of synthesis
Adrenal medulla
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Epinephrine & Norepinephrine class
Tyrosine derivative and water-soluble
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Epinephrine & Norepinephrine function
Cause responses almost identical to a sympathetic nervous system response (fight or flight).
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Hormones that are peptides and water-soluble
ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, hGH, Prolactin, ADH, Oxytocin, Parathyroid Hormone, Insulin, Glucagon, Calcitonin, hCG
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Hormones that are steroids and lipid-soluble
Aldosterone, Cortisol, Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone
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Hormones that are tyrosine derivatives
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, T3, T4
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