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Schedule of Reinforcement
Response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement
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Continuos Reinforcement Schedule
One in which each response is reinforced
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Intermittent (or partial) reinforcement schedule
- One in which only some responses are reinforced
- -Fixed Ratio
- -Variable Ratio
- -Fixed Interval
- -Variable Interval
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Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedule
Reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses.
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Post-Reinforcement Pause
A short pause after a reinforcement
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Dense/Rich
Schedules in which the reinforcer is easily obtained
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Lean
Schedules in which the reinforcer is difficult to obtain
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Ratio Strain (burnout)
A disruption in responding due to an overly demanding response requirement
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Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule
Reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses
-generally produce a high and steady rate of response with little or no postreinforcement pause
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Break-and-Run
A short break follwed by a steady run of responses
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Fixed Interval (F1) Schedule
Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time (Develops a Scallop)
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Variable Interval (VI) Schedule
Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, un
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Response Contingent (Ratio)
It depends entirely on the number of responses emitted
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Time Contingent (Interval)
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Duration Schedules
Reinforcement is contingent on performing a behavior continuously throughout a period of time
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Fixed Duration (FD) Schedule
Behavior must be performed continuously for a fixed, predictable period of time
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Variable Duration (VD) Schedule
Behavior must be performed continuously for a varying, unpredictable period of time.
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Response Rate Schedule
Reinforcement is directly contingent upon the organism's rate of response
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Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH)
Reinforcement is contingent upon emitting at least a certain number of responses in a certain period of time
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Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)
Minimum amount of time must pass between each response before the reinforcer will be delivered
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Differential Reinforcement of Paced Responding (DRP)
Reinforcement is contingent upon emitting a series of responses at a set rate
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Noncontingent Schedule of Reinforcement
Reinforcer is delivered independetly of any response
- -Fixed Time (FT) Schedule
- -Variable Time (VT) Schedule
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Fixed Time (FT) Schedule
Reinforcer is delivered following a fixed, predictable period of time, regardless of the organisms behavior
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Variable Time (VT) Schedule
Reinforcer is delivered following a varying, unpredictable period of time, regardless of the organims behavior
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Adjunctive Behavior
Innate tendencies, fidgeting behaviors that are elicited during periods of waiting
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Unconditional Positive Regard
Refers to the love, respect, and acceptance that one receives from significant others, regardless of ones behavior
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Complex Schedule
Consist of a combination of two or more simple schedules.
- -Conjunctive Schedule
- -Adjusting Schedule
- -Chained Schedule
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Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
Used to reduce a frequent behavior without punishing it by reinforcing an incompatible response
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Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
An instrumental conditioning procedure in which a positive reinforcer is periodically delivered only if the participant does something other than the target response.
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Conjunctive Schedule
Two or more simple schedules must be met before a reinforcers is delivered
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Adjusting Schedules
Response requirement changes as a function of the organisms performance while responding for the previous reinforcer
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Chained Schedules
Consist of a sequence of two or more simple schedules, each of which has its own SD and the last of which results in a terminal reinforcer
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Goal Gradient Effect
An increase in the stranght and/or efficiency of responding as one draws near to the goal
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Premack Principle
States that a high-probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior
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Response Deprivation Hypothesis
States that a behavior can serve as a reinforcer when (1) access tot he behavior is restricted and (2) its frequency theraby falls below its preferred level of occurence
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Behavioral Bliss Point Approach
An organisms with free access to alternative activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinfrocement
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