2. Centriole pairs seperate and move to opposite ends
3. Spindle fibers form
4. Nuclear Membrane disolves
Metaphase
chromosome align in the center of the cell
Anaphase
Sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite ends
Telophase
1. Spindle fibers disappear
2. Nuclear membrane forms around newly formed chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Cleavage furrow forms and the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells
Plants do not have...
centrioles and spindle fibers
does clevage happen in plants?
no
cell plate takes place in what kind of cells
plant cells
Crossing over occurs in
meiosis
How many chromosomes
46
Meiosis results into
4 haploid cells
Meiosis phase
1. Interphase I
2. Prephase I
3. Metaphase I
4. Anaphase I
5. Telophase I
Interphase I
chromosomes replicate
Prophase I
1. Chromosomes condense
2. Nuclear membrane disappear
3. Synapsis between homologous chromosomes takes place
4. Crossing over of homologous chromosomes
Metaphase I
homologous pairs align adn attach to spindle fibers by its kinetochore
Anaphase I
Disjunction-homologous chromosomes seperate and move to opposite ends
Telophase I
nuclear membrane forms around each nucleous
Telophase I
nuclear membrane forms around each nucleus
Second Meiotic Division
same as mitos but there is no chromosomal replication and 4 haploid sex cells are formed
Gamete
sex cells
Zygote
union of sex cells, fertilized egg
Testes
produce sperm
Ovaries
produce oocytes (eggs)
Hermaphrodites
species that have both male and female gonads
Gonads
organs that have testes and ovaries
Spermatogenesis
sperm production and occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Oogenesis
the production of female gametes occurs in ovaries
Polar Body
cell that contains little more than the nucleus
External Fertilization
occurs in vertebrates that produce in water
Internal Fertilization
practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provide direct route for sperm to reach egg
Pathway of sperm (sevenup)
Seminiferus Tubules
Epididymis
Vas Defens
Ejaculation Duct
Nothing
Urethra
Penis
Testerone
regulates secondary male characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice change
Follicle
make the ovaries-follicles are a multilayered sac of cells taht contain, nourish and protect an immature ovum
Cervix
narrow end of the uterus
Ovaries
synthesize and secrete the female sex horomones including estrogen and progesterone
LH and FSH
regulate secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen
are steroid horomones that stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and secondary sexual characteristics
Endometrium
uterine wall that is thickened by estrogen
Progesterone
is a steroid horomone that stimulates the development and maintainance of endmetrial walls
Menstrual Cycle phases
1. Follicular phase
2. Ovulation
3. Leteal Phase
4. Menstruation
Follicular Phase
FSH promotes the development of the follicle which grows and begins secreting estrogen
Ovulation
A mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum caused by LH and by peak in estrogen levels
Luteal Phase
LH induces the rupture follice to develop inti the corpus luteum
Menstruation
if the ovum is not fertilized the corpous luteum atrophis
if fertilization occurs the developing placenta produces hCG
Asexual Reproduction
used by plants to produce offspring without fertilization
Fission
it occurs in one celled organisms such as bacteria-it is a simple form of sexual reproduction where DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall will grow inward and then divide into two equal sized cells
Budding
is the replication of the nucleus fallowed by unequal cytokinesis
Regeneration
growth of lost or injured body part and occurs by mitosis
Parthenogenesis
the development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism