-
kyphosis
- increased thoracic curve and scapulae that are protracted, rounded shoulder appearance
- associated with forward head posture
-
lordosis
increased curve in lumbar spine with increase in anterior tilt of pelvis and hip flexion
-
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine with abnormal curve in one direction and compensatory second curve in opposite direction
-
flatback posture
decreased lumbar curve with increase in posterior pelvic tilt and hip flexion
-
swayback posture
- anterior shifting of entire pelvis, resulting hip extension
- decrease in lordosis in lumbar spine and increase kyphosis in the thoracic spine
-
spondylolysis
- degeneration of vertebrae and more commonly defect in the pars interarticularis of the articular processes of the vertebrae
- more common in boys
-
spondylolithesis
- complication of spondylolysis where vertebra slips on the one below it
- highest incidence with L5 slipping on S1
- more common in girls
-
idiopathic
- (mechanical)
- faulty posture, obesity, faulty body mechanics
-
congenital
present at birth, present themselves when abnormal stress occurs
-
acute torticollis
- stiffneck
- holding head in unusual position over time, cold draft exposure
- point tenderness, muscle spasm, rotation and side bending restricted
- traction, ice, stretch, cervical collar, NSAIDS
-
brachial plexus neurapraxia
- stinger
- when neck is forced laterally to the opposite side while shoulder is depressed
- burning, numbness, loss function of arm & hand
- strength and stretch exercises once symptoms subside
-
Sciatica
- peripheral nerve root compression
- sharp shooting pain that follows nerve pathway along posterior & medial thigh, tingle and numb
- rest, stretching, recovery 2-3 weeks, NSAIDS
-
Sacroiliac sprain
- twisting with both feet on ground, stumble forward, falling backward, land heavily on one leg, forward bending with knees locked during lifting
- palpable pain and tenderness over joint
- modalities, supportive brace, strength exercises
-
solid organs
kidney, spleen, liver, pancreas, adrenal glands
-
hollow organs
vessels, tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, urinary bladder
-
liver
- largest internal organ, upper right quadrant
- absorbs and stores excess glucose
- processes nutrients
- detoxifies harmful chemicals
-
gall bladder
- inferior surface of liver
- storage reservoir for bile
-
pancreas
- between small intestine and spleen
- secretes pancreatic juice
- produces insulin and glugon
-
stomach
- left upper quadrant
- storage and mixing chamber for food
-
small intestine
- connected to stomach
- most digestion and absorption of food occurs here
- secretes mucus
-
large intestine
- small intestine and anus
- chyme converted to feces
-
pneumothorax
- pleural cavity becomes filled with air that has entered through opening in chest
- lung collapses causing pain, difficulty breathing
-
tension pneumothorax
pleural sac on one side fills with air, displacing lung and heart toward opposite side & compressing opposite lung
-
hemothorax
presence of blood within pleural cavity, results from tearing or puncturing of lung
-
traumatic asphyxia
- result of violent blow to or compression of rib cage causing cessation of breathing
- immediate mouth to mouth
-
spleen
- left, upper quadrant
- splint; can stop itself from bleeding
- reservoir of RBC, regulate # of RBC circulating
- destroy ineffective RBC
- produce antibodies and lymphocytes
-
kidney
- bean shaped, 4 1/2 in. long, 2 in. wide, 1 in. thick
- filter metabolic wastes or drugs from blood and expel via urine
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