Medical Terminology Ch 9

nitrogenous waste

bacteria

urinary bladder

glomerulus

sugar, glucose

ketones

stone

meatus

kidney

night

scanty

renal pelvis

kidney

urine

ureter

urethra

urine

stone

condition of stones

drooping

surgical crushing

condition of the urine

main fx to filter and remove waste products from the blood

waste material that is excreted from the body results from filtration and removal of waste products from the blood.

a build up of toxins in the blood

• where actual filtration of waste products occurs in kidneys.
• Millions make up each kidney
• working unit of the kidney

urine drains from each kidney and ureters transport it to the kidneys

bladders can hold about one quart of this liquid. When the urinary bladder empties, urine moves from the bladder to the urethra.

organs that facilitates excretion of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

not inside the peritoneal sac

concaved area in the center of the kidney

• the renal artery enters at the hilum
• delivers blood that is full of waste products to the kidney

• leaves the kidney at the hilum
• returns the now cleansed blood

The outer portion of the kidney shell-like

inner are of the kidney

• triangular shaped areas within the medulla
• each tip points toward the hilum

the tip of each renal pyramid is called the renal papilla

• each pyramid open into a calyx
• help in collecting urine as it is formed

• continuous from the calyces
• collects urine as it is formed
• ureter for each kidney arises from the renal pelvis

renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

the blood filtering portion of the nephron

• renal corpuscle has a double walled cup-like structure call the glomerular or Bowman's capsule
• encases a ball of capillaries called glomerulus

• Carries blood to the glomerulus
• Afferent means towards

carries blood away from the glomerulus

• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of Henle (nephron loop)
• distal convoluted tubule
• collecting tubule

• Urine drains out of the renal pelvis into the ureters
• Ureter carries urine down to the urinary bladder
• narrow tubes 1/4 in wide
• 10-12 inches long
• Lined with mucous membrane that opens to external environment

• elastic muscular sac that lies in the base of the pelvis below the pubis
• composed of three layers of smooth muscles called rugae
• receives urine from ureters stores it and excretes it through urination through urethra
• adult bladder hold 250mL
• voiding controlled by involuntary muscle contraction and internal sphincter relaxing.
• Voluntary action controls the external sphincter which opens on demand
• allows intentional emptying of the bladder

• tubular cnal that carries the flow of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
• external opening urine passes through called the urinary meatus
• Lined with mucous membrane
• 11/2 inches long in females
• 8 in in males
• In males used as a passage for urine and semen

• homeostasis- balance the chemical conditions in the body
• excretes substances
• maintains proper balance of water and chemicals
• regulates the level of electrolytes small biologically important molecules.
• Maintains correct pH within the body making sure its not to acidic or alkaline

• filtration- filtering of particles, occurs in renal corpuscle
• The pressure of blood flowing through the glomerulus forces the material out of the bloodstream through the Bowman's capsule and into renal tubules
• (fluid in tubes called the glomerular filtrate)
• Reabsorption - filtrate passes through four sections of tubule and water, nutrients, and electrolytes reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries
• Secretion- final stage, special cells secrete ammonia, uric acid, and other wastes into the renal tubule to collecting tubules, renal papilla, calyx, renal pelvis, and to the ureters.