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Hamstrings
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps Femoris
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Quadriceps
- Vastus Medialis
- Vastus Intermedius
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus Lateralis
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Ligaments
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- Medial Collateral Ligament
- Lateral Collateral Ligament
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
- Most often injured ligament
- attaches laterally to inner surface of lateral condyle
- prevents femur from moving posteriorly
- stabilizes tibia against excessive internal rotation
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
- Primary stabilizer of knee
- Stronger of the two
- prevents hyperextension of knee and femur
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Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
- Prevents knee from valgus and external rotating forces
- Sprain from violently adducted and internally rotated knee
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Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
- Taut during knee extension, relaxed during flexion
- prevents against lateral trauma
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Bursa
- function: reduce friction between anatomical structures
- flattened sac of synovial tissue
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What is the largest fat pad?
Infrapatellar
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What ligaments are helped by a brace?
MCL and LCL
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MCL Sprain
Direct blow from lateral side in medial direction
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LCL Sprain
Varus force, often with tibia internally rotated
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Treatment for Collateral Ligament Sprains?
- Crutches
- RICE
- Refer to physician
- Strengthening exercises
- Protective brace
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ACL Sprain
- Sustain injury from direct blow to knee or from hyperextension with the foot planted
- Athlete hears pop and feels it "coming apart"
- RICE, crutches, surgery, 4-6-9 month rehab
- surgery 1-2 weeks after injury
- graft weakest at 10 weeks
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PCL Sprain
- Most risk when knee is flexed 90 deg.
- feels pop in back of knee, swelling in popliteal fossa (back of knee)
- RICE, rehab, non-operative grade 1 or 2, surgery grade 3
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Meniscal Lesions
- Medial has higher incidence than lateral, cutting motion while running
- swelling over 48-72 hours, pain, loss of motion
- MRI
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Joint Contusion
- Blow struck against the muscles crossing knee joint
- Bruises, severe pain, loss of movement
- RICE, protective padding when return
- functional use 24-48 hours after trauma if cared immediately
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Bursitis
- continous kneeling
- localized swelling, redness, increased temp,
- eliminate cause, compression wraps, NSAIDS
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Chondromalacia
- softening and deterioration of cartilage on back of patella
- pain in anterior knee while walking, running, up & down stairs
- avoidance of irritating activities, rehab, NSAIDS, knee sleeve
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Patellarfemoral Stress Syndrome
- Patellar tracking problems, tight hams and gastroc
- tight IT band, VMO and hip adductor weakness
- tenerness of lateral facet of patella, swelling
- strengthening program for adductor muscles, orthotics, McConnell Taping
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Osgood-Schlatter's
- Adolescents knee-repeated avulsion of patellar tendon
- swelling, hemorrhage, gradual degeneration, pain
- decrease in stressful activities (6 to 12 months), ice before and after activities, strengthen quad and hams
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Patellar Tendonitis
- repetitive jumping, running, kicking
- pain, tenderness at inferior pole of patella
- NSAIDS, ice, reduce jumping, strengthen, modalities
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Genu Valgum
- knocked knees
- pronated feet
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Genu Recurvatum
hyperextended knees
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