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What is the theory of plate techtonics?
States that earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections.
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What are the sections called?
Plates.
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What are the crust and upper mantle together called?
Lithosphere.
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What is the name of the plastic-like layer below the lithosphere?
Asthenosphere.
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What is the convection current?
The cycle of differences in density cause hot, plastilike rock to be forced upward the surface, cool, and sink.
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What are four types of plate movements?
moving together, moving apart, colliding, and sliding
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What happened during the 1940s and 50s?
Scientists began using sound waves on moving ships to map large areas of the ocean floor in detail.
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Where are the oldest rocks found?
Far from the mid-ocean ridges.
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What did the scientist Henry Hess suggest?
He suggested an explanation for the sea floor moving apart.
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What happens as the sea floor spreads apart?
Hot magma moves upward and flows from the cracks.
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What happens as the new sea floor moves away from the ridges?
It cools, contracts, and becomes denser.
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What was the research ship Glomar Challenger equipped with?
It was equipped with a drilling rig that allows scientists to dig into the sea floor to obtain rock samples.
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Rocks in the sea floor become...
... increasingly older further away from the ridges.
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What happens when plates collide?
The denser plate will ride over the less dense plate.
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What has Earth's magnetic field always had?
a north and south pole.
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What does the magnetic alignment in rocks do?
It reverses back and fourth over time in strips paralell to the mid-ocean ridges.
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What is Pangea?
A Super Big continent.
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What is the continental drift?
The splitting apart of land over a period of time to their certain locations.
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What are puzzle-like fit clues?
The actual shape of the land after it has seperated.
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What are fossil clues?
The example of living organisms in multiple continents.
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What are plant clues?
The same type of plants on multiple contimets.
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What are climate clues?
Same climate on different continets regarding the equator.
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What are rock clues?
Along the ares where the continents were once joined, the same types of rocks are found.
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What does the atmosphere have?
several layers
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What do the layers differ in?
They differ in tempature, density and in relative amounts of gases.
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Why is the ozone layer warmer?
because it contains a gas called ozone (I wonder where the ozone layer got its name from) which absorbes solar radiation.
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What is the troposphere?
The lowest layer of the atmosphere in relation to the Earth, and the tempature drops at a consistent rate as altitude increases.
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What is the stratosphere?
the layer of the atmosphere that is in between the troposphere and the mesosphere where the tempature increases as the altitude increases.
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What is the mesosphere?
the coldest layer of the atmosphere in which tempature decreases as the altitude decreases.
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What is the thermosphere?
the uppermost layer of the atmosphere in which the tempature increases as the altitude increases.
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What is the exosphere?
the outermost layer of the thermosphere. the exosphere has gases which escaped from the gravatational pull of earth and exit into space.
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What happened when the earth bagan to silitfy 4.5 billion years ago?
volcanic eruptions released a variety of gases which is called out-gasing. The gases were hydrogen, water vapor, anmonia, methane, carbon monoxide, carbin dioxide, and nitrogen.
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