-
What heretic was burned at the stake by the council of Constance in 1417?
John Hus
-
What Spanish Conquistador conquered the Aztecs in 1521?
Cortes
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The first unified nation in western Europe is considered to be
-
Who brought Castile and Aragon into dynastic unity
Ferdinand and Isabella
-
The word ethnocentricity means
judging other groups by standards of own ethnic group
-
The painter of The Creation in the Sistine Chapel was
Michelangelo
-
What is the name given to the period in the fourteenth century when the Pope lived in Avignon?
- ·
- The Babylonian Captivity
-
What technological achievement ensured the spread of Luther’s ideas?
Printing press
-
Protestantism believed that religious authority came only from
the bible
-
What major event occurred on 31 October 1517?
Protestant Reformation
-
What was the primary reason for the English nobility’s support for the Anglican Church?
Feared loss of investments
-
A doctrine formulated particularly by who was that of predestination
John Calvin
-
What classical philosophy was re-discovered by Italians in the 14th century which supported a belief in individualism and materialism?
-
Protestantism believed that salvation came only from
faith
-
British claims to North America were established during the 1490’s by the explorer?
John Cabot
-
Luxury items such as silks, perfume and spices were in great demand in Western Europe as result of
The Crusades
-
What painted the Mona Lisa?
Da Vinci
-
What treaty in 1594 divided the world between Spain and Portugal?
Tordesillas
-
Who objected to Roman Catholic corruption and materialism
John Wycliffe
-
Who wrote the Book of Common Prayer?
Cranmer
-
The man who converted Scotland to Calvinism was
-
-
What Native American civilization is considered to be the founding civilization for Central America?
Olmec
-
Which North American group would you find living in the Northwest United States?
Tlingkit
-
Slavery in the Caribbean initially expanded because of the success of plantations growing
sugar
-
After 1632 only one European people were able to directly trade with Japan until 1854. Which of the following was it?
Dutch
-
What city did the Ottomans conquer and make their new capital in the 15th century?
Constantinople
-
About 950 AD the first stone walled buildings were built in Zimbabwe by the
Karanga
-
Those Muslims who believe the leader of the Islamic world should be related to Muhammad are called
Shia
-
The Chinese ruler who moved the capital to Beijing was
Yangle
-
The most famous of Mali kings because of his trip of Mecca was
Mansa Muse
-
The Jesuit missionary who introduced Catholicism to Japan was
Francis Xavier
-
The Islamic calendar begins with the
Hegira
-
Islamic armies were defeated, and thus kept from conquering Western Europe, at the battles of
- · Tours and Poitiers
- Islamic armies were defeated, and thus kept from conquering Western Europe, at the battles of
-
A major African Kingdom which participated in the slave trade was
Dahomey
-
In what city did the University of Sankore located?
Timbuktu
-
The last dynasty in Chinese history is the
Qing
-
The Soninke people established the kingdom of
Ghana
-
Local military leaders in medieval Japan were called
Shugo
-
In 1683, for the first time, Taiwan was put under Chinese rule during which dynasty?
Qing
-
The term Atlantic World has come to include all of the following regions EXCEPT
South Africa
-
The first slaves to arrive in the English colonies in America were put ashore at
Jamestown
-
In the Caribbean, the position of doctor, philosopher and priest among slaves was brought from Africa in the person of the
Obeah-man
-
Chattel slavery defined slaves as
personal property
-
The major European slave trading nation in the 18th century was
Britain
-
Who invented the Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney
-
Robert Knox was most closely associated with racism based on
biology
-
The Black African Saint who fought in the Crusades was known in the West as
St Morris
-
Which was a member of the Social Darwinists?
Spencer
-
The largest number of African slaves were brought to the
Caribbean
-
Revolution =
Change (it was a communications revolution)
-
Secularism
- turned away or against religion, man made existence and science
- defines religion
-
Francis Bacon Explanation for science
science was gift from god to recreate Garden of Eden and Science was based on inductive reasoning
-
5 things Enlightenment
- RNLPH
- o 1. Reason ,
- o 2. Nature
- o 3. Liberty
- o 4. Progress
- 5. Happiness
-
those who signed declaration of independence were
deists
-
Deism
don’t believe in miracles or praying, believe we can fix own problems, gives no hope
-
Great Watch maker Theory
God made watch, left, and piece fell out – we are no longer where we are
-
John Locke
1689 wrote Two Treaties on Civil Government,
concluded god given rights unalienable – life, liberty, property; god controlled government
-
Adam Smith
Wealth of Nations wrote in 1776,
- concluded that natural form of economics was capitalism,
- demand and supply, subsistence wage
-
Montesquieu
wrote Law of Nature,
noticed different legal systems for same type of crime, said that legal system based on environment
-
Rousseau
wrote Social Contract 1752,
humanity in universe was happy, created own institutions separate from god, pure democracy or majority rules creating small communities of 40,000
-
Cult of Science
answers can be found in science;
- Newton = Gravity
- Galileo = Telescope and Astronomy
-
Descartes believed
truth found in math, “I think therefore I am” - (I am rational)
-
Baron d’ Holbach
wrote System of Nature 1790s
humans are animals, humans are self-aware, humans have free will; our biggest problem was that we are self-aware (make up stories about afterlife)
-
Romanticism
new 19th century philosophy, spiritual existence does exist
-
Emanuel Kant
agnostic, belief but not depended on god
-
-
1750 = Similarities between the 13 colonies included:
- 1. Colonial Assembly (1st was in Virginia – House of Burgess),
- 2. taxed themselves, had British governor (paid by assembly),
- 3. literacy rate was 83% (were Puritans and had to read Bible)
-
1750 Navigation Acts
control trade, had to buy British goods, got around by smuggling and colonies were independent
-
1756 = 7 Year War
exploits India, also known as French Indian war between French and British
-
Militia
were private and independent, every colony had one, military was organized, weapons shot spread
-
Logistics
businessman bought commodity selling back to British colonies bought with gold, New England businessman thought to supply British and French but did not have enough gold to double supplies
-
1763 = war ended with surplus of commodity
British wins French Indian War, American colonist had wrong idea of democracy
-
Virtual representation
- every British citizen represented by parliament members
- (500 to 1)
-
Salutary neglect
British accepted own fault for allowing colonies’ ideas
-
1763 Currency Act
stopped printing money and demand using gold, British compensation for winging French Indian war was 7 million pound
-
1764 Sugar Act
40,000 pounds to help pay the 7 million pound, taxes on sugar
-
1765 Stamp Act
tax on stamps, no jury trial if taxes were not paid for stamps
-
1766 Declaratory Act
British proclaimed its authority, repealed taxes, tax payers revolt – cut taxes by half million pound the American colonies themselves
-
1767 Townshend Duties
minimal tax on everyday items that were irreplaceable (lead for guns and bullets, tea)
-
John Dickinson =
- ·
- rebelled
- Townshend Duties, wrote “Letters from Farmer in Pennsylvania”, urged farmers to be involved, was propaganda, (American revolution was urban revolution meaning farmers did not feel effects of taxes
- on lead)
-
5 March 1770
professional protesters British armory, British military was young and uneducated, 5 colonists died, Crispus Attucks was 1st to die, Boston Massacre, parliament repealed Townshend Duties, taxed only tea
-
were all radicalsSamuel Adams, Thomas Paine, John Adams, and John Hancock
were all radicals
-
King George Third
no parliament power, insane
-
Lord North
= prime minister of Britain in 1770-1773 by default, didn’t want to sell tea which led to tax and upsetting radicals thereafter, chose British East India Company which became the only company allowed to sell tea
-
John Hancock
was tea smuggler
-
1773 Boston Tea Party
British sent navy and army occupy Boston reaction to destruction of private property which was the tea
-
September 1774
- representative of 13 colonies met in 1st continental congress
- where 1st issue was economic boycott, radicals hid military
- equipment
-
April 1775
British patrol Lexington search military goods, shot minutemen on bridge, Concord – people died both sides, shots heard round the world, turned people into radicals
-
September 1775
- 2nd continental congress, same representatives, new nation
- was 1st issue, George Washington appointed general gathering troops, Thomas Jefferson wrote declaration of Independence (ideas from John Locke)
-
1776-1783 = victorious war
French support in form of navy and money, other countries helped like Spain
-
1789 = Start of French Revolution
-
1610 = Henry Fourth who was French King passed Edict of Nantes – religious tolerance, he was assassinated
-
1614, General of States split into 3 houses
1st Estate = Church
2nd Estate = Aristocracy
3rd Estate = Masses (Third estate was the largest – majority rule)
-
1614 = General of States meet to organize government, King was too young
-
Louis Thirteenth was successor, Cardinal Richelieu ran government as prime minister in form of absolute monarchy where King has absolute power
-
Louis Fourteenth = palace Versailles, gave no one power, Sun King, absolute monarch 1624-1660 power into 1715, biggest army
-
Louis Fifteenth = French Indian war or Seven Years War, lost North America and India, aided American revolution, 1787 French treasury became broke
-
Louis Sixteenth = 1787 food shortages and no funds, couldn’t commit, 1789 called general of states in Paris, issue was that taxes were high - other problems they thought were regional but actually similar
-
Abbe Sieyes
- member of 3rd Estate Masses, wrote ‘What is the 3rd
- Estate?’, argued 3rd estate truly represent France, Louis didn’t do anything, June 21 Louis sent soldiers to lock up building, meet across the street and signed Tennis Court Oath – will not disband until written constitution, riots broke out in Paris, France
-
July 14 1789 = mob meets Bastille where they thought political prisoners were in Jail there, France independence day
-
1789 = nobility unclear what to do, spread of violence peasants against nobility and clergy, reports on countryside attack on church
-
August 2 1789 = 2nd and 3rd estate meet and surrender privileges (the nobility), Declaration of Rights of Man – commitment on Egalitarian or equal treatment under law, all adults right to vote, liberty to go and do what they want like move and start new life
-
September 1789-1791 = constitutional monarchy, 3rd estate runs everything
-
September 1791 = Louis Sixteenth brought to Paris
-
September 1792 = Louis escapes but is arrested
-
753 members make up general estates, 136 Jacobins controlled by Maximillien Robespierre and was largest and organized
-
Pillmits Agreements
= signed by Austria and Prussia do whatever necessary to stop French revolution
-
April 17 1792 = France declares war Austria and Prussia, no military organization, Danton Mass Warfare – outnumber troops, Austria and Prussia never invades
-
1792-1793 = Robespierre paranoids, trials and execution, guillotine favorite form of entertainment
-
January 21 1793 = Louis sixteenth executed, countries had been supported of France (Britain, Spain and Portugal) but no longer because a king was killed, France at war with everybody
-
Reign of terror was ruled by
Robespierre
-
· 1794 = turned on Robespierre, blamed for terror and was executed July, vacuum of power, Napoleon Bonaparte comes to power
-
Napoleon born 1789 in Corsica (Italian), French military school, became general quickly since most officers who were nobility left, shot cannons at mob
-
1795 = Napoleon great military leader, loved by France, brought stability, loved b French government
-
1796 = 3rd estate promotes Napoleon to field marshall and send him into Italy, Italian campaign – wins battle despite being outnumbered against Austrians and Italians
-
1798 = Napoleon is sent to Egypt who were allied with Britain wins with same success
-
1799 = Napoleon deserts his army returns to France leading own military coup, and teamed with Abbe Sieyes, wanted to be 1st council of France
-
1800 Bonaparte Wars with everybody success limited to land battles
-
1807 Alexander First has meeting Tilsit, Alexander First agrees Western Europe was Bonaparte and Eastern Europe was his in terms of land
-
1805 = Battle of Trafalgar naval battle against British (British admiral was Horatio Nelsor), Bonaparte loss (Britain had best navy)
-
Britain was the last enemy, English channel prevented Bonaparte success
-
1807 Continental System meant to destroy Britain by economy b refusing to do business, foreign states had to choose who to support, Jefferson president U.S. refused to choose – Embargo Act = policy lead to economic depression eventually choosing Britain
-
Russia could not afford to stop business with Britain under mining Tilsit Agreement (Continental System)
-
1812 Napoleon invades Russia a punitive expedition – to punish, Bonaparte splits from Moscow Russia, Alexander didn’t show up, spent months trying to leave
-
March 1813 Napoleon’s enemies catch up and attacked Battle of Nations known as Battle Leipzig, napoleon lost, escapes to Paris is caught and arrested
-
January 1514 Napoleon exiled to Elba Island 1st
-
March 1814 = Napoleon escapes returns to France to an army waiting in Paris
-
July 1815 Napoleon meet enemies Battle of Waterloo Belgium, British Wellington leads allies, Napoleon loses arrested and exiled to St. Helena Island until his death
-
Napoleon brought ideas of revolution to those he fought, liberal revolutions broke out 19 century
-
According to the declaration of Independence, King of Great Britain established absolute Tyranny over these states.
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