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dna and rna transcription and translation
dna is recipe rna photocopies and trascribe is cooks turning dna to rna. then translating is rna to produce amino acids
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we have same genes in lip and nail but diff genes r turned on
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timing and amount of genes matter
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on and off genes means
- ON means making transcrips translating into a protein
- OFF very little protein
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what effects genes
enviromental changes(change in protein shape) chemical signals(proteins from other cells)packaging or chemical tags on DNA(epiengentics)*super important
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gene expression is
is transcription translation used 2 build protein
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how to turn off a gene
a signal comes into cell receptor changes shape used new shape binds 2 dna and turns on transcription inicate(turns off genes in response to chems)
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why does bacterial gene expression matter in the medical field
treatment in bacteria,genes determine charteristics,instead of killing all bacteria(modifies bacterias behavior)
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mutation is?
modification of genetic material already present in cell change of letters in sequence of new amino acid in protein chain perement change in dna from wrong replication
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cause of mutation sponatantious mutation
replication and unknown
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cause of mutations mutitions
chemicals and uv light
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ames test syber safe
mutogenic to c how mutigenic a compound is (check number of reversion mutigens)
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genetic recombination
takes dna from enviroment and puts in chromosome
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transformation is
takes from same family of bacteria and gets some genes from being in area examle capsule polysacceride casule,unlimited with cloning technique
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transduction is
bacterial phage picks up dna and spreads to another exo toxin,enzymes for sugar fermentation,drug resistance
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conjugation
involves donar amd recipitant living fertility genes in plasmid transferreddrug resistance,resistance to metals,toxin orduction,enzymes,adhesion molecules,degradation of toxic substances,uptake of iron
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f-
transfer of f factor or plasmid
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f+
hfr chromosome genes from a donar chromosome doubled and tranferred to other cell
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