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What is the study of movement/motion?
kinesiology
includes: anatomy, physiology, physics, geometry, biomechanics
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What is biomechanics?
mechanical principles that relate to the human body
includes static and dynamic
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What means not moving or at rest?
static
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What means moving and is associate with various activities?
dynamics
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What are the 2 subdivisions of dynamics?
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What are the forces causing movement?
kinetics
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What is the time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system that describes positions and motions of the body?
kinematics
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What three things will tell you muscle actions?
- -what motions a particular joint follows
- -a muscle must span a particular joint to cause motion
- -line of pull of a muscle
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What is another name for linear motion, and what are the 2 subdivisions?
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What type of motion occurs more or less in a straight line from 1 location to another?
linear
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What type of movement occurs in a straight line? in a curved path?
- rectilinear - straight
- curcillinear - curved
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What is another name for rotary motion?
angular
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What is the movement around a fixed point?
rotary/angular
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- -support for soft tissues
- -movement(bones serve as levers and joints as fulcrums)
- -protection (vital organs)
- -mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
- -production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
- -provides shape
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What are the 2 types of skeletons?
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What is the axial skeleton?
upright part of body; 80 bones in the head, thorax, and trunk (down to the sacrum)
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones of the extremities
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What is compact bone?
cortical
- -hard, dense, outer shell
- -completely covers bone
- -thick along shaft and plates of flat bones
- -thin at ends of long bones
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What is cancellous bone?
trabecullar
- -porous, spongy, inside portion
- -same material as compact, but more porous and contains less solid material
- -loose mesh structure or pores filled with marrow-lighter
- -makes up most of the articular ends of bones
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what is the area at each end of the diaphysis and is wider than the shaft?
epiphysis
- adult bones-osseous
- growin bones-cartilaginous (epipyseal plate)
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What manufactures new bone?
epiphyseal plate
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What is the main shaft of the bone and is primarily compact?
diaphysis
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What is the pasage for nutrient arteries?
medullary canal
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What is for bone resorption?
endosteum
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What is primarily cancellous, and provides support?
metaphysis
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What is the thin fibrous membrane that covers all the outside of the bone except the articular surfaces and has attachments for tendons and ligaments?
periosteum
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What is a long bone?
length > width
*for weight bearing; have condyles, tubercles, and tuberosities which serve as attachments for tendons and ligaments
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What is a short bone?
dimensions are equal, cubical shaped
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What are flat bones?
broad surface, not thick
scapula, ilium
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What are irregular bones?
variety of mixed shaped
sacrum, vertebra
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What are sesamoid bones?
small bones resembling sesame seeds, located where tendons cross long bones, and they change the angle of attachment and protect from excessive wear
patella
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