expireince that results in a relativley permanent change in the state of learner
classical conditioning
when a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response
example: ivan pavlov expirements with the dog and the bell salivating
unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally and automatically triggers a response.
example: when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediatly feel very hungry. the food being the stimulus
unconditioned response
is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in the response that naturallly in response to the unconditioned
example: smell of food, the hunger is the response
conditioned stimulus
a stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism
example: ivan pavlov expirements with the dog and the bell salivating
conditioned response
a reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus
example: the condition response being the salivation when hearing the whistle
acquisition
the phase in classical conditioning when the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented together
second order conditioning
conditioning where the unconditioned stimulus is acquried its ability to produce learning from an earlier produce in which it was used as a conditioned stimulus
extinction
the gradual elimination of a learnend response that occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented
spontaneous recovery
the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period
generalization
a process in which the conditioned response is observed even though the conditioned response is slighty diffrent from the original one used during acquisition
discrimination
the capacity to distinguish between similar but distint stimuli
biological preparedness
a propsenity for learning particular kinds of associations over others
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which the consequenses of an organisms behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future
law of effect
tend to repeat things we enjoy
operant behavior
behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the enviroment
punisher
any stimulus or event that functions to decrease the likelihood of the behavior that led to it
overjustifacation effect
circumstanses when external rewards can undermine the intrinstic satifacation of performing a behavior; big head effect
shaping
learning that results from the reinforcement of successive steps to a final desired behavior
cognitive map
a mental representation of the physical features of the enviroment