a----- permits mixing of blood from system and pulmonary cirulations as a result of a lack of closure of the foramen ovale after birth
Atrial septal defect
A congenital cardiac lesion appears radiographically as an enlarge left atrium , left ventricle and central pulmonary arteries along with diffuse increased pulmonary vasculature
Patent ductus arteriosus
Which congenital cardiac lesion appears radiographically as an enlarged right artium,right ventricle and pulmonary outflow tract
Atrial septal defect
What is the radiographic evidence of ventricular septal defect
Enlarge pulmonary trunk
Which of the following is an abnormal vascular connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta
patent ductus arteriosus
All left to right shunts can be complicated by the developement of
Pulmonary hypertension
Imaging modality is the most definitive,yet the most invasive for demonstration of the heart atria and ventricles
Angiogrphy
What is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease
Tetralogy of fallout
Constriction of the aorta at the distal arch is termed
Coarctation of the aorta
What persents clinically as normal blood pressure in the upper extremities and low blood pressure in the lower extremities
coarctation of the aorta
Rib notching is a radiographic characteristic of
Coarctaton of the aorta
What causes ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium
Caoranary artery disease
What is atherosclerosis
Fatty deposists on the inner lining of arteries
Fatty deposits along the lining of arterial walls are termed
Atherosclerosis
What is a myocardial infarction
Death of myocardial cells
Death of myocardial cells caused by a lack of blood supply is known as
Myocardial infarction
The inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequte supple to the tissues is called
Congestive heart failure
What are the causes of congestive heart failure
Hypertension
Impaired heart contractions
Increased peripheral resistance to blood flow
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues is termed
Pulmonary edema
The most common cause of pulmonary edema is
Elevated pulmonary venous pressure
What might the cause of pulmonary edema
Mitral valve disease
Narcotic overdose
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
The leading cause of strokes and CHF is
Hypertension
What is aneurysm
An area of an artery in which the walls are dilated
A localized dilation of an artery is termed
Aneurysm
When an artery is dilated or bulging on only one side of the arterial wall it is termed
Saccular aneurysm
When the entire circumference of the vessel wall is bulging it is called a
Fusiform aneurysm
A potentially fatal complication of closed chest trauma is
Traumatic rupture of aorta
What is an aortic disserction
Disruption of the intima allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall
What is a thrombus
An intravascular clot
What is an embolism
A piece of a blood clott that enters the blood stream
An autoimmune disease that results from a reaction of a patients antibodies against antigens from a previous streptococcal infection is called
Rheumatic fever
What structures are typically damaged by rheumatic fever
Heart valves
What conditions are complications of rheumatic fever?
Mitral valve stenosis
Aortic valve insufficiency
Aorta valve stenosis
Which imaging modality is the most sensitive and specific noninvase method for diagnosing mitral valve stenoisis
Echocardiography
The accumulation of fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart is termed
Pericardial effusion
Which of the following is a major source of fatal pulmonary emboli
Deep vein thrombosis
Which of the following is a noninvasive techique used for diagnosis of deep bein thrombosis
Color flow Doppler ultrasound
Intravascular clot
Thrombus
Fatty marerial deposits on inner arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
Clot material in the circulation blood
Embolism
Dead heart muscle cells
Myocardial infarct
Blurred vascular markings (butterfly)
Pulmonary edema
Enlarge right atrium and ventricle
Atrial septal defect
Cardiomegaly cardiothoracic ratio greater than 50%
Congestive heart failure
Enlarge left atrium left ventricle and pulmonary arteries