Genomes

Kozak sequence

the segment of DNA in which a transcription factor binds (repressor/initiator)

A group of genes or a segment of DNA that functions as a single transcription unit. It is comprised of an operator, a promoter, and one or more structural genes that are transcribed into one polycistronic mRNA.

DNA inbetween clusters of genes; they have no genes

genes found in a genome that appear to have come from another species via horizontal gene transfer

a molecular method that uses a nucleic acid sequence complementary to an mRNA so that the two bind and the mRNA is effectively neutralized.

• bacterial artificial chromosome
• cloning vector replicated in bacteria that can hold an insert of about 150,000 base pairs.
• BACs were used extensively in public HGP

meshwork of prokaryotes living collectively and resistamt to many chemical agents

random movement of particles or molecules that is powered by kinetic energy of the solution

secreted proteins that bind to antibodies and can form pores in the eukaryotic cell membranes

• a method that allows small amounts of compounds to be seperated for further analysis.
• The heart of automated DNA sequencing

a four-coloured graph produced from nonradioactive dideoxy sequencing methods

• Clusters of Orthologous Groups
• evolutionary related sequences from several microbial genomes.

the percentage of a genome that contains protein or funtional RNA coding DNA

overlapping DNA segments that as a collection form a longer and gapless segment of DNA

• external guide sequence
• short RNA sequences that bind to mRNAs that resembles a tRNA precursor.
• RNaseP recognizes this pre-tRNA and cleaves the mRNA, thus inactivating it

• control of gene activity without altering the DNA sequence
• ex. imprinting (affected by methyltransferases adding a methyl group to cytosine bases in DNA)

gene rich, non-compacted portion of the chromosome that is transcriptionally active

part of the RNA molecule spliced together to form mRNA

biochemical term to descrbe how the products of a circuit pathway can either enhance or repress the circuit

• DNA has been sequenced at least 8x and there are no gaps
• contains no more than 1 error / 10,000 base pairs
• $$$$ and time consuming

the movement of DNA from one species to another without sexual tranmission; mechanism uncertain, perhaps viral

process through which mammalian paternal and maternal alleles can be treated differently, depending on which parent contributed them to the offspring

collective noun that refers to insertions or deletions of bases in DNA

refer to 2 or more versions of highly similar proteins.

a sequence of amino acids or nucleotides that performs a particular role and is often conserved in other species or molecules

a potion of cDNA or gene that begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon

two genes within a species that evolved from one another