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Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
organic
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Compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen together
inorganic
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Is carbon dioxide (CO2) organic?
No
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Is glucose (C6H12O6) organic?
Yes
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What organic compounds were formed from inorganic compounds in Miller & Urey's experiment?
amino acids
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Why was finding amino acids in Miller & Urey's experiment important?
Because it found that organic compounds found in living things could be formed from inorganic compounds.
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Single unit or one building block.
monomer
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Many monomers or building blocks joined together
polymer
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The process of joining monomers together to make a larger molecule (polymer)
polymerization
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A polymer or large molecule
macromolecule
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Combining monomers to form polymers by removing water
dehydration synthesis
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Breaking down polymers into monomers by adding water
hydrolysis
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What are the four most abundant elements in living things?
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
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WHat are four functions of carbohydrates?
Provide quick energy and structure, store food and is part of the cell membrane
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one sugar (simple sugar) ex: sucrose
monosaccharide
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two sugars (simple sugar) ex: glucose
disaccharide
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many sugars (complex carb) ex: starch
plysaccharide
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The way animals store their excess carbohydrates.
glycogen
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The way plants store their excess carbohydrates
starch
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complex carb that forms exoskeleton of arthropods (for structure)
chitin
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Complex carb that is found in plant cell walls (for structure)
cellulose
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What are the building blocks (monomers) for carbohydrates?
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
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What are three types of lipids?
Fats, oils, and waxes
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What are the building blocks (monomers) for lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
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Are lipids polar or nonpolar?
Nonpolar
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Do lipids mix with water?
No, because water is polar.
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What are the 5 main functions of lipids?
Long term energy, make up the cell membrane, messengers, insulation, protection
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What are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins?
amino acids
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How many amino acids are there?
20
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What type of bond holds amino acids together?
peptide bonds
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What is another name for a protein since a protein is made of many anino acids joined together by peptide bonds?
polypeptide
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What are 4 main functions of proteins?
Structure, enzymes, protein channels, movement
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What are the building blocks (monomers) for nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
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What are two examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
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WHat is the function of DNA?
Stores genetic information
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What is the function of RNA?
Helps make proteins
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What are the four main organic compounds found in living things?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
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A type of lipid that is made up of 3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.
triglyceride
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Process that changes one set of chemicals into another
chemical reaction
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The compounds that enter the chemical reaction
reactants
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the compounds that are made by the reaction
products
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the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
activation energy
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a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to srtart a reaction, thereby speeding up the reaction.
catalyst
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biological catalyst (found in living things) that lowers the activation energy
enzyme
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What happens if an enzyme is not present for a chemical reaction?
the reaction takes longer
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the substance an enzyme binds with and acts on
substrate
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place on the enzyme where the enzyme attaches to the substrate
active site
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What does it mean when we say an enzyme is specific?
Enzymes only work on one type of substance
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Are enzymes destroyed after they attach to a substrate?
No, they can be reused on more substrate
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What are two main things that affect the shape of an enzyme?
pH and temperature
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What happens if the shape of an enzyme changes?
the enzyme cannot work because it cannot attach to the substrate
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Measures the strength of an acid or a base and goes from 0-14
pH scale
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Is a pH of 2 a strong or weak acid?
strong acid.
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is a pH of 6 a strong or weak acid?
weak acid
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Is a pH of 14 a strong or weak base?
strong base
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is a pH of 8 a strong or weak base?
weak base
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substances that help minimize changes in pH
buffer
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