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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the cardiovascular system
- -increased heart size
- -decreased cardic output, causing less blood flow to all organs
- -thickened heart valves and blood vessels
- -less elasticity of blood vessels
- -slower blood cell production
- -slower immune response
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the respiratory system
- -thickened alveolar walls, causing less elasticity
- -weakened respiratory muscles
- -decreased vital capacity and tidal volume
- -decreased number of cilia
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the musculoskeletal system
- -thinned intervertebal disks
- -decreased bone calcium
- -smaller muscle mass
- -less elasiticity of liagments and tendons
- -degeneration of cartilage
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the integumentary system
- -thinner, drier skin
- -loss of subcutaneous fat
- -slowed rate of hair and nail growth
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the urologic system
- -decreased bladder capacity and tone
- -loss of nephrons, slowed function of remaining nephorns
- -decreased sphincter control
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the neurologic system
- -vision- presbyopia: slowed accommodation, cataract development, decreased periphreal vision and depth perception
- -hearing: presbycusis, thicker eardrum, increased wax production, decreased hair cells in the inner ear
- -taste, smell, touch: decreased number of receptors
- -balance: maybe affected by decreased circulation
- -reflexes: slowed reaction time
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the gastrointestinal system
- -decreased secreation of salivia and pther digestive enzymes
- -slowed peristalsis
- -slowed liver and pancreatic functions
- -reduced absorption of nutrients
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the endocrine system
- -slowed production of all hormones
- -decreased metabolic rate
- -delayed insulin response
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what are some physiologic changes of aging of the reproductive system
- -decreased hormone production
- -atrophy of ovaries, uterus, vagina,
- -benign prostatic hypertrophy
- -slowed sexual responses
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ego integrity
state of being complete
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ageism
discrimination because of age
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what are biologic theories
theories based on cellular function and body physiology, or apoptosis
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what is apoptosis
the process of programmed cell death
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biologic clock theory
a theory that states that body cells are programmed to function for a specific length of time, after which they break down and die
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free-radical theory
believe that cells are damanged by toxins, ions break off from ions pairs; free radicals are unstables
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wear and tear theory
body cells and organs eventually wear out
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immune system failure theory
system loses it ability to protect the body from disease
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autoimmune theory
body no longer recognize it self and begins to attack its own cells
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disengagement theory
suggest that it is normal for older people and society to withdraw form each other
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activity theory
states that people who remain interested in active will continue to enjoy life and live longer
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continuity theory
each individual continues to live and develop as the unique person he or she is.
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what are four factors that contribute to longevity
- -education
- -lifestyle
- -personality
- -gender (females live longer than older)
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