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Us Abd

  1. What is a urachal cyst?
    • Cyst on the fetal urachus
    • * which is the medial umbilical ligament connecting the bladder to the umbilicus
  2. What is transitional cell carcinoma? TCC
    Most common bladder CA (focal wall thickening)
  3. What is the resistive index formula?
    RI = peak systolic frequency - end diastolic frequency/ peak systolic frequency
  4. What would the ultrasound findings be for pyelonephritis? in end stage renal disease
    The kidney would appear as a small hyperechoic kidney
  5. Can pyelonephritis lead to end-stage renal disease?
    Yes....chronic pyelonephritis can
  6. What is pyonephrosis?
    Purulent material in the collecting system (Pus)

    Hyperechoic debris in dilated renal collecting system
  7. Name the six HYPERECHOIC renal masses?
    • 1)Mycetoma
    • 2)Angiomyolipomas
    • 3)Clots
    • 4)Pyogenic debris
    • 5)Sloughed papilla
    • 6)Nonshadowing stones
  8. What is the definition of acute renal failure? (ARF)
    * reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

    • *resulting in azotemia
    • *increase in nitrogen waste
  9. What are the 4 main mechanisms of ARF?
    1) Prerenal failure

    2) Hypovolemia - decreased volumes of blood

    3) cardiac failure

    4) renal artery stenosis
  10. What is acute tubular necrosis?
    • *toxic and ischemic insults
    • *lead to tubular epithelial-cell damage

    *most common cause of medical renal disease or ARF, and implanted kidney rejection
  11. What is the most common cause of acute intrinsic renal failure?
    Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
  12. What do sonographers look for in ARF? (acute renal failure)
    * Postrenal failure (hydronephrosis)

    * renal obstruction

    * abnormal resistive index
  13. What happens to the resistance index of the renal artery waveform with a renal vein thrombosis?
    Becomes very High-resistance

    (normally low resistance)
  14. What are 2 different congenital anomolies of the kidneys ---harmless--- and where are they?
    Dromedary hump - Lt Kidney

    • Junctional parenchymal defect
    • *hyperechoic - anterior aspect of the upper pole
  15. In the hilum of the kidney what is anterior and what is posterior?
    Vein exits anteriorly

    Artery enters in the middle

    Ureter exits posteriorly
  16. What are some common occurances with a duplex kidney?
    • Double ureters
    • *upper pole ureter inserts into an ectopic location in bladder
    • *causing a ureterocele
    • *causing hydroureter and hydronephrosis of the upper collecting system
  17. A hypernephroma is a solid renal mass....What is it also known as?
    Transitional cell carcinoma
  18. What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
    • Acute tubular necrosis
    • *ATN
  19. What causes sloughing papilla in the urine?
    Papillary Necrosis

    *Ischemia of the medullary pyramids
Author
terrilee
ID
143554
Card Set
Us Abd
Description
Anatomy
Updated

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