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domestic horse latin
Equus caballus
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donkey latin
Equus asinus
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Horses' birthday
January 1st
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Laminits
wall of hoof no longer parallel with distal-most bone of limb
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How big is one hand?
4 inches. (2.5 cm in an inch)
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Horses are measured from
the ground (palmar surface) to the withers
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withers
dorsal surface. Caudal neck
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Croup
highest point of caudal dorsum (rear end)
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leg joints, top down.
hip, stifle, hock (tarsus)[carpus/knee], fetlock, pastern
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difference between a dwarf and a mini
mini is in proportion. Dwarf is out of proportion.
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Miniature size
under 8 hands. American Miniature Horse--teeth are normal size, back legs longer than front.
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Pony size
10-14 hands. Shetland Pony--Wide set eyes, relatively short limbs
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Light horse size
14-17 hands. Thoroughbred. Powerful hindquarters, high-strung. (Tennessee Walker--rearward angle to rear limbs, Hanovarian)
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Draft horse size
17-19 hands. Clydesdale. Long rounded muzzle, long hair over hooves. Stockier, legs thicker.
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Difference between hot and cold bloods
- hot bloods (arabians, thoroughbreds) have a faster metabolism and bursts of energy.
- cold bloods have slower metabolism and are steadier. (Draft horses)
- warmbloods are a cross (Hanovarian)
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Hanovarian
like a light horse but less muscled than a thoroughbred (not a sprinter)
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Baby horse
foal. Born January 1st
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weaned horse
weanling. Weaned at 3-6 months, usually.
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Male and female horses up to 2 years
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Intact male at two or three years old
stallion
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female at 2 or 3 years old
mare
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one year old horse
yearling
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horse over 4 or 5
aged or mature horse
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cross of a horse and a donkey
mule. Sterile
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Donkey male and female
Jack and Jenny
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Mule male and female
mule and hinny
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Zebra latin and types
Equus zebra. Grevy's (round ears) and Burchell's (pointy ears)
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Dressage
formal form of riding, looks at beauty of form
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hunter/jumper competitions
obstacle courses, speed, agility
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soil racing
on dirt. Kentuky derby
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Gait for harness racing
trot. Done with little cart called sulky
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dangers of racing
- dehydration - can lose 2 gallons of sweat per hour. Lathering.
- hyperthermia--fever when exercising or under anesthesia
- Monday morning disease, or "tying up"--super sore muscles after a hard run and a day off.
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walk
4 beats, equal time between steps
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trot
two beats, diagonal legs hit ground simultaneously
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pace
two beats, legs on same side hit ground together, faster than a trot. This is the natural gait of standardbreds.
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gallop
fastest gait. 4 beats, not symmetrical. first foot is the lead. All four off the ground at one time.
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Estrus
horses are seasonally polyestrus. every 21 days in spring and summer.
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Broodmare
pregnant female. "in foal"
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pregnancy time
11 months.
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waxing
when colostrum appears on tips of nipples just before foaling.
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foal heat
heat 7-12 days after foal is born. Next heat 21 days later
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maiden
a mare who has not yet had a foal or a horse that has not yet won a race.
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provide sperm
stand at stud
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teaser
horse that tests to see if a mare is in heat
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Box stall
large enough for the horse to turn around in
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tie/standing stall
horse can't move around.
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horse diet
monogastric herbivore. cecal digestion of mostly fiber with some fruit and grains. LOTS of water. a 1000 lb horse needs 5-10 gallons of water a day.
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horses teeth
hypsodont--keep growing through life. Can overgrow if jaw not lined up.
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wolf tooth
small sharp tooth with no purpose. Usually removed.
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floating teeth
to file off the points where they don't meet up properly (hypsodont)
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buccal surface
cheek side of tooth
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lingual surface
tongue side of tooth
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halter
face-collar to catch and hold horse
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twitch
twist of rope around upper lip, applies enough pressure to release endorphins and relax animal.
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laminitis stance
legs wide apart, neck forward, head down, pelvic limbs straight up
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laminae
tissues that support the wall of the hoof
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horseshoes
can be metal or rubber. There are corrective shoes for laminitis. Can fix split hoof with nails and wire.
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Ectoparasites
outside body
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endoparasites
inside body
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Bots
endoparasite. Fly larvae.
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Strongyles
endoparasite. GI worm.
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Horse vaccines
rabies, tetanus, Eastern or Western Encephalomyelitis and West Nile Disease (neuorologic diseases), Rhinopneumonitis/influenza, Equine viral arteritis (often fatal viral inflammation of arteries)
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Equine Infetious Anemia (EIA)
mosquitos or biting flies spread. Coggins test identifies. Test required at horse shows. Treatment is quarantine or euthanasia.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
heaves. Get heave line. Usually from allergies or viral disease. Seen in race horses.
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