NS 2420

pyschiatric condition involving extreme body dissatisfaction and long term eating patterns

Variety of abnormal or atypical eatng behaviors used to reduce weight

• family environment
• unrealistic media images
• sociocultural values
• personality traits
• genetic and bilogical factors

• exhibit increased rates of: obsessive complulsive behaviors
• perfectionism
• socially inhibited
• compliant
• emotinally restrained

• Exhibit increased rates of: impulsive
• low self esteem
• extroverted
• erratic personlaity
• style that seeks attention and admiration

• The probability of probablitiy of ahving an eating disorder is several times hogher if a biological relative also has an eating disorder
• Very difficlut to seperate genetic and environmental influences

• medical disorder in which unhealthy behaviors are used to maintain a body weight less than 85% of expected weight
• 90-95% girls
• 0.5-1% of Us females will develop anorexia
• 5-20% of females with anorexia will die from complications wihtihn 10 years of diagnosis

• extremely restrictive eating practices
• self stavation
• intense fear of weight gain
• amenorrhea: no mentrual periods for at least 3 months
• unhealthful body image

• electrolyte imbalance
• cardiovasular problems
• low blood pressure
• low body temperature
• Gastriontentinal problems: weak and loses ability funtion
• Bone Problems: osteroporosis

eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

eating a large amount of food in a short period of time

• an attempt to rid the body of unwanted food by: vomiting
• laxatives
• fasting for days
• excessive exercise

• recurrent episodes of binge eating
• recurrent inappropriate behavior to compensate for bine eating (vomiting, laxatives diuretics,fasting,exercise).
• Binge eating twice a week
• negative body image

• electrolyte imbalance: caused by dehydration and loss of sodium and potassium ions from vomiting
• Imbalance from dehydration
• gastrointestinal problems
• dental probems: tooth decay
• calluses back of hands
• swelling cheeck or jaw

• is comprised of a variety of unhealthy behaviors including
• none of these last long enough to cause the person serious illness,but can progress to an eating disorder
• bine eating
• chronic overeatign
• chronic dieting

• often overwight
• lack control during binging
• choatic eationg
• negative self esteem
• often associated with depression

• increased risk of overweight or obesity
• food eaten are high in fat and sugar
• stress psychological effects

• preoccupation with food
• strict dieting
• excessive exercise
• loss of concentration
• increased ctiticism

• poor nutrient and energy intakes
• decreased claoric
• decreased energy expenditure
• decreased excersie
• increased risk of psychiatric eating disorder

• serious medical syndrome frequently seen in femal ahtletes
• disordered eating
• mentrual dysfuntion
• osteroporosis
• Seen in sports, leand bodies , dance,skating ,diving,gymnastic, etc

• patient
• physician
• nutritional councelors
• psyhiactric counselors
• nutritional rehabilatation
• psychosoial intervention
• medications

• restore to ahealthy weight
• treat compications
• encourage healthful behaviors
• correct dysfuntional feelings toward the eating disorder
• enlisst the help of family and freinds

• indentify and modify the events that trigger binging and purging behaviors
• Monitor and later thought patterns related to food and body image
• include family and friends to support the patient

• Reducing weight related crticism of children and young adults
• identifying unrealistic body images in the media
• participation in physical activity and sports
• modeling a healthy diet by parents

any muscle movement that increases energy expenditure

any activity related to aperson occupation

hiking,walking.biking

purposeful, planned.structured, physical activity

• capacity of joints to move through a full range of motion
• stretching excersies yoga

• the ability of muscles to work against resistance
• weight lifting

• ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly without becoming exhausted
• weight lifting,fewer and high repetitions

• the ability of the CV system and lungs to sustain effort over time
• arobic type acivites such as walking,running,sweimming,cross country

• amount of bone, muscle and fat tisssue in the body
• arobic exercise and resistance training

• state of being created by the interaction between nutrition and physical activity
• Ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness,without undue fatige, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time persuits and meet unforeseen emergencies

• heart diseae, stroke ,high blood pressure: by increase of HDL and decrease of TG , limits ahterosclerosis, strength of hear maintain blood pressure
• Obesity
• Type 2 diabetes: by enchancing the action of insulin, uptake of glucosn from the blood , controls, delays diabetes
• Osteroporosis: strength bones and encahnces muscular strenght and flexibility
• May reduce colon cancer: enchances gastric motlity

• more than half of all US do not sufficent physical activity
• 26% of US adults admit to doin no leisure time
• less than 30% of high school student participate Physical Act

• meets your personal goals
• is fun
• inlcudes variety and consistency
• appropriatly overloads the body
• includes a warm-up- and cool down periods

• additional physical demands on the body to improve fitness
• too much physical act is not recommended

• determin appropriat overload
• refers to the numver of activity sessions per week
• intensiyt refers to how difficult the activity is to perform
• time refers to how long each activity session lasts

the frequency of physical activity varies with fitness goals

determining proper intensity may be based on maximal heart rate

wether the total activity time is an accumulation of activities or completed all at once

• the common currency of energy for vitually all cells in the body
• ATP must be continoulsy generated
• muscle store only enough ATP for activity 1-3 seconds

• creatine phosphate: enough energy for 3 to 15 secs of maximal effort
• activities lasting 30 sec to 2 minu we canno generate enough ATP from the breakdown of CP to fully support
• carbohydrate and fat to keep supporting activities

• higher for athletes
• different for males and females
• body size
• type of physical activity

• at least 55% from cabohydrates
• 15-25% kcal from fat
• 12-20% kcal from protein

• occur when casues loss of body fluids and then depletion of blood volume
• sweating inefficient at 75% humidity or greater
• result = rapid fatique

• occurs if the bodys temperature regulation merchanism fail.
• bodys cor above 104F
• hot, humid, environ
• symptoms rapid pulse, hot, dry skin, hogh body temp, weak

• water,glucose and electrolytes
• use after 60 mins of act

• increases the amount of water (plasma) in our blood without an increase in the amount of hemoglobin
• Not a true anemia but a dilutio effect

• eating disorders, osteroporosis, and amenorrhea
• nutritional inadequancies
• irregularities in the menstrual cylce
• hormonal disturbance
• loss of bone mass

• substances used to improve exercise and athletic performance
• not effective
• reliable research and accurate information hard to find
• used to increase muscle and strenght

• effective in muscle size and strenght, power,and speed.
• illegal
• side effets: stunt growht, liver,disfuntion,heart , blood pressure, reproductive, sleep,growth of breast tissue,ance baldness, roid rage

• precursor of testosterone, claim that taking them will increase testost levels and muscle strenght
• studies found No incrase in testosterone increase in heart disease in men

• promoted as alternative to anabolic steriods
• sold on the blakc market never approved
• side effects- dizziness,tremors, vomiting ,but others sizures , and death

• found in meat, fish and stored in our muscles
• more CP is avialable to replenish ATP
• perform in hsort-term,explosive activities
• side effects: dehydration,muscle cramps, GI disturbances,

• stimulant makes us feel more alert and energetic decrease fatique
• increase use of fat as fuel spares glycogen
• side effects: increase blood pressure, increase heart rate, dizziness, insomnia, HA and GI distress

• Strong stimulant
• marketed as a weight loss supplement and energy enchancer
• does not appear to enchance performance,but with caffein and ephedra have shown to prolong
• side effects: HA,irregular heart rat , incrase blood pressure, and 17 deaths have been attribtued to its use
• banned in the US

• helps shuttle fatty acids into the mitochondria to be used for energy
• marketed as fat burner
• do not support these claimsand excersie does not appear to reduce the amounts
• no significant side effects

• trace mineral enchaces insulins action of increase the transport of AA into the cell
• enchance the uptake ofAA into cells and increase muslce growth and strenght
• marketed as a fat burner b/c
• studies do not support any menefit on muscle mass, etc

• 5 carbon sugar ctitical to production of ATP
• imrpove athletic performance by incrase of work output and faster recovery time
• showen to improve exercise tolerance in pts with heart disease but there are no publishe studies on athleteic

• correct overt deficiencies
• improve nutrition status
• reduce disease risks
• support increased nutrient needs
• improve the body defenses

• toxicity
• life threatening misinformation
• uknown needs
• false sense of security
• other invalid reasons

the rate at and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used

a competing fator that counteracts the action of another factor when a drug displaces a vitamin from its site of action the drug renders the vitamin ineffective and thus acts as a vitamin antagonist

a product taken by mouth that contains dietary ingredient intended to supplement the diet

• vitamins
• minerals
• herbs
• botanicals
• amino acids
• enxymes
• other plant derived substances
• concentrates or extracts
• tissues from animal organs or glands

• pills
• capsules
• liquids
• powders

• classified supplements as foods
• restricted FDA regulation
• limited resources available
• buyer beware
• food additives and drugs must be demonstrated to FDAs satisfaction before they are marketed

• FDA does not test
• supplement companies do not have to provide the FDA unless not sold in US prior to 1994
• no federal guidelines
• no rules to limit serving or amount
• once marketed FDA has to prove it unsafe before it can be removed

• look for U.S.P
• consider buying recognized brands
• do not assume that the word natural means safe

• USP has tested and verified
• sets official standards for dietary supplements
• ingredients
• product
• manufactureing process
• voluntary

• contains the ingredients stated on the label
• has declared amount of ingredients
• will disintegrate or dissolve effectively to release nutrients fro absorption into your body
• has been screened for harmful cintaminants such as pesticideds bacteria and heavy metals
• has been manufactured using safe sanitary and well controlled procedures

does not determin if dietary supplements are good or bad for you

1/3 of older adults use herbal or specialty supplements

• generally safe for most people
• research has found it is beneficial
• still important to discuss the treatment with your doctor, befor e starting supplementation

• use product with caution
• may be of benefit bit taht is aslo carries risk
• given a yellow if the research is weak or insufficient to determin benefit

• do not use this
• research show its unsafe

• consistency of herbal ingredients
• may vary in composition
• dosage on the label may not provide the amount of active ingredietns found to be effective
• contamination of herval products

may alleviate nausea associated with pregnancy, motion, sickness, chemotherapy

may lower LDL cholesterol may lower tour risk of certain types of cancer

may improve the symtpoms associated with enlarged prostate

• may improve mental performance.
• should not be taken if you have HTN. may increase effect of other medications such as anti caugulants

beneficaial for insomnia and anxiety

may boost the immune system especially to help fight colds and upper respiratory tract infections. lack of evidence gives this a yellow

may slow the loss of cognitive function associated with age such as absentmindedness and confusion.

• may be effective in treating mild moderate depression
• does not mix well with other medicatins

• initially a treatment for stress and anxiety
• warning serious liver problems

• used for weight loss frequently combined with caffeine to enchance athletic performance
• Warning: life threatening , heart attacks, seizures and strokes

• relatively safe but unlikely to cause weight loss
• chitosan
• chromium
• guar gum

may contain increase cffeine

only one small study exist and that was spopnsered by a supplement manufacture

• all contain some form of ephedra
• bitter orange
• country mallow
• ephedra
• risks hogh BP, HR irregularities ,strokes death excessiveCNS and CV

• most common side effects diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
• most if not all side effects occur when taken too long, high dose and with other medicine that there is an interaction

• duscuss with M>D or other healt professional
• use only single
• do not combinations of herbs
• consider interactions
• read label
• do not assume herbal products are safe
• do not use for long periods
• start with low dosage
• be alert

• naturally occuring plant chemicals
• not considered nutrients
• epidemiologic stidues show reduce risk of cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes,alzhemiers, cataracts, age

• hace antioxidants properties that neutralize free radicals
• antioxidant rich food reduce the risk of disease of aging

• reduce inflammation
• enchance enzyme activity
• protect against cancer slow growth
• protect against infections in immune functions
• reduce cardiovascular disease(blood lipids,pressure, clotting

• interact with each other in the body to produce a synergistic effect
• interact with micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals
• phytochemicals can act in different ways under different circumstances in the body

• protective in low doses commonly provided by foods but may have different effects as supplements
• avoid phytochemicals supplements
• consume plant based diet

• generally taken to mean foods, fortified foods, and enchanced food products that may benefit health beyond the effects of essential nutrients they contain
• Provide health benefist include fortified, enriched or enchanced food
• may contain natural phytochemicals and helpful bacteria

• taking out potentially harmfull components
• incrasing the amount of nutrientsand beneficial non nutrients
• using beneficial substance in food production or products

• FDA has no official definition or regulatory category
• regulated in the same way as conventional foods
• funcitonal ingredient added to a food must be generally recongized as safe

• claims of health benefits
• designger yogurts
• probitics beneficial bacterial
• eggs with omega 3 vitamin e and luteien
• dark chocolate with flavonoids
• calorie burning beverages

• calorie burning beverage
• claim increases metabolic rate
• contaings EGCG aphytochemical that occurs in green tea
• EGCG main ingredient is caffeine
• 3 cans of Enviga = 300mg caffeine which is a typicla upper limit of caffein about the same of 9 cans of coke