Brief - Managerial Finance 1st test

Includes borrowing incurred by a firm, including bonds, and is repaid according to a fixed schedule of payments

Funds provided by the firm's owners (investors or stockholders) that are repaid subject to the firm's performance.

An arbitrary value established for legal purposes in the firm's corporate charter and which can be used to find the total number of shares outstanding by dividing it into the book value of common stock.

Allows common stockholders to maintain their proportionate ownership in the corporation when new shares are issued, thus protecting them from dilution of their ownership.

A reduction in each previous shareholder's fractional ownership resulting from the issuance of additional shares of common stock.

a reduction in each previous shareholder's fractional claim on the firm's earnings resulting from the issuance of additional shares of common stock.

Financial instruments that allow stockholders to purchase additional shares at a price below the market price, in direct proportion to their number of owned shares.

Shares of common stock that a firm's corporate charter allows it to issue.

Issued shares of common stock held by investors, including both private and public investors.

Shares of common stock that have been put into circulation; the sum of oustanding shares and treasury stock.

Provisions in a bond indenture that place operating and financial constraints on the borrower.

In a bond indenture, the stipulation that subsequent creditors agree to wait until all claims of the senior debt are satisfied.

A paid individual, corporation, or commercial bank trust department that acts as the third party to a bond indenture and can take specified actions on behalf of the bondholders if the terms of the indenture are violated.

A feature of convertible bonds that allows bondholders to change each bond into a stated number of shares of common stock.

A feature included in nearly all corporate bond issues that gives the issuer the opportunity to repurchase bonds at a stated call price prior to maturity.

Instruments that give their holders the right to purchase a certain number of shares of the issuer's common stock at a specified price over a certain period of time.

A measure of a bond's cash return for the year; calculated by dividing the bond's annual interest payment by its current price.

Compound annual rate of return earned on a debt security purchased on a given day and held to maturity.

The chance that interest rates will change and thereby change the required return and bond value. Rising rates, which result in decreasing bond values, are of greatest concern.

Usually applied to debt instruments such as bank loans or bonds; the compensation paid by the borrower of funds to the lender; from the borrower's point of view, the cost of borrowing funds.

The relationship between the maturity and rate of return for bonds with similar levels of risk.

The theory that the yield curve reflects investor expectations about future interest rates; an expectation of rising interest rates results in an upward-sloping yield curve, and an expectation of declining rates results in a downward-sloping yield curve.

A legal document that specifies both the rights of the bondholders and the duties of the issuing corporation.

A long-term debt instrument indicating that a corporation has borrowed a certain amount of money and promises to repay it in the future under clearly defined terms.

The percentage of a bond's par value that will be paid annually, typically in two equal semiannual payments, as interest.

A restrictive provision often included in a bond indenture, providing for the systematic retirement of bonds prior to their maturity.

An option that is included as part of a bond or a preferred stock issue and allows its holder to change the security into a stated number of shares of common stock.

The process of finding present values; the inverse of compounding interest.

An annuity for which the cash flow occurs at the end of each period.

Compounding of interest an infinite number of times per year at intervals of microseconds

The actual rate of interest charged by the supplier of funds and paid by the demander.

The nominal annual rate of interest, found by multiplying the periodic rate by the number of periods in one year, that must be disclosed to consumers on credit cards and loans as a result of "truth-in-lending laws"