H 320 Final

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD),includes a number of conditions in whichthe exchange of respiratory gasses isineffective. It includes chronic bronchitis,emphysema, and chronic asthma.

Any disease or infection that is transmissible from animals to hmans and vice versa

• Bacteria (slamonellosis, the plague)
• Viruses (rabies, swine influenza, ebola)
• Parasites (taxoplasmosis, malaria)
• Fungi (dermatophytoses, ringworm)
• Prions (vCJD, Mad cow disease)

• A type of zoonotic disease in which the pathogen is transmitted from animal to humans by a vector
• The vecor is commonly insects that carries and transmits the pathogen
• often times, a host are required as reservoirs for that pathogens
• pathogen- vector- host

• A disease causing protein (re-configured)
• Misfolded proteins

• Loss of breath
• The most common form of COPD

• Allergic or Atopic: tends to have allergic triggers and antigen response
• Tends to run in families: Starts in childhood
• Decreases with age
• Most Common

• Not always a clear distinction
• Typically non-allergic in nature
• ANY unpleasant event/stimulatn may trigger (excercise, emotion, etc)

• Family history
• Allergic condition
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
• Low birth weight

Fecal-Oral through food cosumption or person-to-person

Fatigue, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort, especially in teh area of your liver on your right side beneath your lower ribs, loss of appetite, low grade fever, jaundice

• Sharing drug needles
• engaging in high risk sexual activity
• from mother to her newborn during birht
• blood transfusions
• personal contact with infected person
• blood and semen

Blood products

ONly found in people who carry the Hep B virus

Fecal-oral, usally waterborne

Abdominal pain, dark urine, fever, joint pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, jaundice

Fatigue, fever, nausea or poor appetite, muscle and joint pains, tenderness in the area of your liver

Fatigue, excessive tiredness, not feeling very hungry, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, a low grade fever, muscle pain, joint pain, sore throrat, dark urine, light colored stool

Jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera of the eyes, dark urine, and pale stools), anorexia, an enlarged tender liver

People who live in areas with poor sanitation, older, people, travelers

Travelers, students, health care workers

Long term kidney dialysis, regular contact with blood at work , blood transfusions before 1992, sexual contact

Carrying Hepatitis B virus, IV drug use, multiple sexual partners, blood trnsfusions

travelers, pregnant women

Rest, avoid alcohol and substances toxic to the liver (tylenol), vaccine for children under 1, don't eat fatty food during those monts

• Vaccine is used for both prevention and treatment
• One of two STIs you can vaccinate against
• Routine vaccination among children and adults

DSF

• 4.4 million people in the US living with chronic Hepatitis
• 80,000 new infections each year: leading cause of liver cancer
• Most common reason for liver transplantation

Respiratory condtion caused by influenza viruses: Influenza A, Influenza B, Influenza C

• Worldwide: 5 million cases severe illness
• 250,000-500,000 deaths
• 5-20% of US population affected each year

• Temperature climates: autumn and winter
• Tropical Climates: circulate throughout the year; 2 peaks during rainy seasons

• Children (under 2)
• Elders
• Pregnant women
• People with chronic health conditions

• Respiratory droplets
• Incubation Period: 18 hours- 4 days

• chills
• fever
• fatigue
• sore throat
• coughing

• Influenza Vaccine
• Antiviral
• Cough into the curve of elbow
• Wash your hands

• Infections, allergic ractions or conditions occuring within the head
• Inflamed the sinuses nose and throat

• Those that affect the lungs
• COPDS, Chronic Lung Disease

• Asthma
• Dyspnea
• Bronciectasis
• Emphysema
• Bronchitis

• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness or pain
• trouble sleeping caused by shorntess of breath, coughing, or wheezing
• An audible whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling
• Bouts of coughing or wheezing that are worsened by a respiratory virus such as a cold or the flue

• shortness of breath
• wheezing
• chest tightness
• chronic cough

corticosteroids, inhalers

smoking cessation, bronchodilator use

• Juvenille Diabetes or Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
• Usually occurs in childhood or adolescence
• Usually early onset, but any age
• Now way to prevent
• Most common age of getting it: 10 year sold or younger
• A potential genetic predispostion apparent
• Body doesn't produce insulin
• Considered an autoimmune disease

• Adult onset or non insulin dependent
• usually starts as insulin resistance, where cells don't use insulin properly
• pancreas has to work overtime in order for the body to recognize it and allow blood glucose to flow through

• frequent urination
• unusual thirst
• extreme hunger
• unusual weight loss
• extreme fatique
• irritability
• blurred vision

• Any of Type 1
• Frequent infections
• blurred vision
• cuts/bruises that are lsow to heal
• tingling/numbness in the hands/feet
• recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
• often asymptomatic

35 vaccinations

Measles

• Autism
• Thimerasol, mercury, aluminum and formaldahyd

When a large percentage (majority, typically 80%) of the population is vaccinated, it reduces the spread of diseases.

Polio, smallpox

1 million

340 million

• autoimmune disease affecting the brain and spinal cord
• Prevalence: 2.5 million peopole worldwide, 400,000 in the US
• Etiology: Idopathic
• Risk factors: Sex/age

• Muscle: muscle spasms, loss of balance, numbness, coordination problems, tremors
• Bowel and Bladder: consitpation, incontin ence, strongurge to/ difficult/ frequenc urination
• Eye: disocmfort, double vision, vision loss, uncontrollable REM
• Brain and Nerve: Deppression, dizziness, decreased attention span, difficuty reasoning
• SPeech: Slurred speech, trouble chewing/ swalloing
• Most Common: fatique

• Most common parkinsonism
• Prevalence: 4-6 million cases worldwide, 1 million in the US
• Incidence: 50,000-60,000 diagnoses each year in the US
• Etiology: Idiopathich, genetics, environmet
• Symptoms: tremor, balance/coordination

• Loss of brain funcitons that occurs with certain diseases
• Affects thinking, memory, language, judgemtn and behavior
• Most are non-reversals

• Prevalence: 24.3-37 million cases world wide; 5.3 million in US
• Risk factors: age, smoking, drinking, atherosclerosis

• Cortical Dementia
• Subcortical Demntia
• Progressive Dementia
• Primary Dementia
• Secondary Dementia

• Most common cause of dementia (50-60%)
• Prevalence: 5.1 million in the US
• Risk Factors: Sex, age, genetics, history of head trauma
• Signs/symptoms: language problems, personality chagnes, change in sleep patterns, difficulty writing, incontinence, swallowing problems

• Early onset: sympoms aber before 60
• Late onset: symptoms appear after 60

• estimates indicate 20% of people will have Dementia in 2030
• By 2050 someone will develop alzheimers every 30 seconds

Cancer originates from mutant DNA sequences that reroute crucial pathways regulating tissues homeostatis, cell survival, and/or cell death

• Female
• Advancing Age
• Personal History of Breast cancer
• Family history of breast cancer
• inherited genes that increase cancer risk

• Obesity
• Drinking alcohol
• Having your first child after age 35
• Postmenopausal hormone therapy
• smoking
• animal fat

• excess weight
• High fat diet
• excess red meat
• low intake of fruits and vegatables
• excess alcohol
• low excercise

Stage 0 is used to describe non-invasive breast cancers, such as DCIS. in stage 0, there is no evidence of cancer cells or non-cancerous abnormal cells breaking out of the part of the breast in which they started, or getting through to or invading neighboring normal tissue

• Stage 1 describes invasive breast cancer (cancer cells are breaking through or to invading normal surrounding breast tissue
• The tumor meausres up to 2 cm and
• NO lymph nodes are involved

Stage 1V describes invasive breast cancer that has spread beyond the breast and nearby lymph nodes to other organs of the body, such as the lungs, distant lymph nodes, skin, bones, liver, or brain

• chemotherapy may given to shrink the cancer before surgery
• early-stage invasive breast cancer to destroy cancer cells left behind after surgery
• Advanced stage breast caner to slow tumor growth and prevent metastasis

• AT: adriamycin and taxotere
• AC: adriamycin and Cytoxan
• CMF: cytoaxan, methotrexate, and flourouacil

• early stage
• 4 cm or smaller
• located in one site
• removed with clear margins

aromtase inhibitors

The term metastatic, describes a cancer that has spread to distant organs from the orginal tumor site

• Bone pain
• shortness of breath
• lack of appetite
• weight loss
• neuroogical pain or weakness

• syphilis and ghonoreah the most comon STI's
• syphillis was the leading cause of cariac and neurological disease in teh US

• recognized in 1494 in Naples
• The Great Pox

more than 25 diseases are spread primarily through sexual activity

• people aged 15-24 years old
• individuals who practice unsafe sex
• MSM
• women
• travelers

• Etiology: Bacteria
• Transmission: contact between open lesion of an infected individual and mucous membranes or skin abrasions
• Risk Factors: gender, age, unprotected intercourse, men who have sex with men (MSM), drug users
• It is curable

• Primary stage: painless cancre sore
• Secondary Stage: body rash, painless red lumps
• Tertiary Stage: bacteria may lie dormant for 1-40 years
• damages cardiovascular system

• Etiology: chlamydia trachomatis Bacterium
• The most common bacterial STI in US
• The "silent disease"

The science and practice of protecting and improving the healthof a community, as by preventive medicine, health education,control of communicable diseases, application of sanitarymeasures, and monitoring of environmental hazards.

a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part,structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect ofgenetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons,nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorableenvironmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment.

The incidence or prevalence of a disease.

the number of deaths in a given period

the number of cases of a specific disease present in a given population at a certain time.

the probability of developing a particular disease during a given period of time; the numerator is the number of new cases during the specified time period and the denominator is the population at risk during the period.

• The branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations.

the study of all factors that may be involved in the development of a disease, including the susceptibility of the patient, the nature of the disease agent, and the way in which the patient's body is invaded by the agent

• asthma caused by some factor in the environment, usually atopic in nature
• Stress, Anxiety

a nonseasonal, nonallergic form of asthma, which usually first occurs later in life than allergic asthma and tends to be chronic and persistent rather than episodic. Precipitating factors include inhalation of irritating pollutants, such as dust particles, smoke, aerosols, strong cooking odors, and paint fumes and other volatile substances. Intrinsic asthma may also be triggered by exposure to cold, damp weather; sudden inhalation of cold, dry air; physical exercise; violent coughing or laughing; respiratory infections, such as the common cold;

• The cause or origin of a disease or disorder as determined by medical diagnosis.

Of or being a secondary disorder associated with being treated in a hospital but unrelated to the patient's primary condition.

caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures. An iatrogenic disorder is a condition that is caused by medical personnel or procedures or that develops through exposure to the environment of a health care facility

Of unknown cause or spontaneous origin.

The term used to describe a secondary cancer, or one that has spread from one area of the body to another.

refer to gaps in the quality of health andhealth care across racial, ethnic, sexual orientation and socioeconomic groups.

Theweathering hypothesis proposes that thehealth of African American women maybegin to deteriorate in early adulthoodas a physical consequence of cumulativesocioeconomic disadvantage. As aresult, the racial differential in infantmortality, for example, is larger at oldermaternal ages than at younger ages.

• Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
• Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
• Tobacco Control
• Maternal and Infant Health
• Motor Vehicle Safety
• Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Occupational Safety
• Cancer Prevention
• Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention
• Public Health Preparedness and Response

REM sleep in adult humans typically occupies 20–25% of total sleep, about 90–120 minutes of a night's sleep. During a normal night of sleep, humans usually experience about four or five periods of REM sleep; they are quite short at the beginning of the night and longer toward the end

Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as self, which allows an immune response against its own cells and tissues.

Diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis

Father of classification

birth Control

considered the first physician, architect, and engineer, founder of medicine

• Greatest physician of his era
• fater of modern medicine

Biggest contribution to understanding the circulatory system

• Father of immunology
• Small pox