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Moro Reflex
- When support for the neck and head is removed, arms thrust out and then seem to embrace as fingers curl
- Gone by 2 months
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Palmer Grasp
- When hand is touched, fingers curl around and cling
- Gone by 5 – 6 months
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Plantar grasp (Babinski)
- When foot is touched, toes spread out and foot twists inwards
- Gone by 9 – 12 months
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Sucking
- When an object is placed in mouth, rhythmic sucking occurs
- Replaced by voluntary sucking at 2 months
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Rooting
- When stroked on cheek, head turns toward hand in search for food
- Gone by 4 months
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Stepping/Walking
- When held upright and feet are touching a flat surface, places one foot in front of other
- Gone by 2 – 4 months
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Placing
- When surface touches top of foot, foot lifts
- Gone by 4 months
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Tonic Neck (Fencing)
- When a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow
- Gone by 6 – 7 months
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Hepatitis B
Given at 0-2 months & 2 – 4 months
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DTaP
Given at 2, 4, & 6 months
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Hib
Given at 2, 4, & 6 (12 – 15 months* catch up administration)
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Varicella Zoster
Given at 12 to 18 months
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MMR
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella
- Given at 12 to 15 months & 4 – 6 years
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Know that the Denver II Tests rate:
Gross Motor, Language, Fine Motor (Adaptive), & Personal (Social)
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Solitary Play
The 1st year of life
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Music, mobile, large soft toys are appropriate for
0 - 6 months
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Parallel Play
1 to 3 years
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Push pull toys, wagons, toys that develop large muscles are appropriate for
1 to 3 year olds
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Cooperative Play
3 – 6 year olds
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When a child develops fine motor skill, cut and paste, crayons and paper, and jumping balance activities are appropriate for
3 – 6 year olds
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Creative and collection activities are appropriate for
7 – 11 year olds
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Peer acceptance and the telephone are important to the
12 – 18 year old
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The Toy Safety 3 No-no’s are:
- No small toys that a child could stuff in a cast or swallow for 4 and under
- No toys or items that produce static electricity in a oxygen enriched environment such as nylon blankets, electric toys, & metal toys
- No stuffed animals in the hospital because they harbor germs
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Newborn VS
- P = 120 – 160; 180 if crying
- R = 30 – 60; irregular is OMG!
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Babies 1 – 3 years old VS
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KNOW that for Newborns:
- Only 1 BP is done to check for cardiac anomaly and is should be WNL
- If the BP is higher in the right arm and lower in the lower extremities this is BAD = Coarctation!!!
- APGAR Scores are based on: heart rate, resp. effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color
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At birth there is the closure of the:
- Ductus Arteriosus
- Foramen Ovale
- Ductus Venosus
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Know that babies lose heat by:
- Evaporation – moisture from skin and lungs
- Convection – body heat to cool air flow
- Conduction – body heat to blankets, etc.
- Radiation – heat loss to cool temps.
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By 2 yrs old
Understanding of time is limited, use activity reference such as, after lunch. Attention span is two minutes, Speaks 300 words
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By 3 yrs old
Speaks betwen 300 and 900 words, attention span is 10 minutes, builds a tower of 10 blocks, rides a tricycle, jumps, walks up and down steps using alternating feet
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By 4 yrs old
- walks u and down steps without holding on
- Righ or left handedness is established
- Dresses self
- Attention span is 20 minutes
- Completes a 8 - 10 piece puzzle
- Speaks in 5 word sentences
- Knows day of week
- Stutterin is common
- Throws ball overhand
- Hops
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By 5 yrs old
Speaks 2100 words
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