LINTEST2

toddlerhood occurs between ___ & ___ years of age

toddlerhood involves movement around by ___ or ___

creates opportunities for exploration

toddlerhood creates opportunities for matches between ___ and ___ in the world and the language that describes them

3 major language development milestones in toddlerhood

marks beginning of transition from pre-verbal to verbal communication

occurs ~ 12 months of age

words are:

word that means: represent something else in the world

means: sound sequences do not directly stand for the concepts they represent

each new word creates an entry in the ___

Sound--> meaning--> part of speech

refer to significan people and object in infants' everyday lives

ex: mama, dada, doggie, baba...everyday life words

first words must meet __ criteria to be considered a true word

3 criteria true words must meet

first words may exhibit ___ or idiosyncratic, word-like productions taht are used consistently and meaningfully but do not approximate adult forms

ex. of phonetically consistent form or idiosyncratic word-like productions

facilitate adopting a stable pronunciation to communicate in a particular situation

emerge during the prelinguistic period for the purpose of dommunication and precede spoken language

continue to play a role in language development during second and third years of life

come to rely less on _____ and more on words when categorizing or labeling new objects during second year

indicate a specific referent and have a stable meaning across different contexts; share some properties of first true words

appear as children transition from the prelinguistic to one-word stage

ex: holding a fist to the ear to indicate "telephone"

exhibit what 2 things as transition from on-to- two word stage

stop combining ___ when transition to two-word utterances

Norms for phoneme attainment

acquisition of ____ production varies widely

refers to age at which 50% of children produce a given sound accurately in mulitple positions in words

refers to age at which a majority of children produce a sound accurately

systematic rule-governed patterns that simplify speech production

3 categories of patterns

sound changes that simplify speech production

sound changes in which one class of sounds replaces another

these can represent place, manner and voicing changes

sound changes in which one sound influences another to become more like it

eliminate use of many processes by

At what age do children have their firsts:
-hear many new words, grammatical constructions and language functions
-use decontextualized language to talk about objects, events, and thoughts not situated in the immediate context
-gain important abilities in emergents literacy, which marks transition to compreheding and expressing language in both oral and written modalities
-acquisition of emergent literacy skills markis the crowning achievement of this period
-begin to master form, content, and use in new ways

grounded in the immediate context- the here and now

relies on background knowledge that a speaker and a listener share, on gestures, intonation, and immediately present situational cues

used to discuss people, objects and events that are not immediately present

-relies hevily on language itself to construct meaning
-may not contain context cues
-does not assume speakers and listeners share background knowledge or context
-cannot rely on immediate physical context to help communicate to listener
-uses highly precise syntax and vocabulary to represent events that are beyond the here and now
-fundamentals to academic success; nearly all classroom learning focuses on events beyond the immediate context

Ex: "gimme that" while pointing to a ball on the floor

Ex: mom, I spilled milk on the couch

earliest stage of learning about reading and writing prior to school entry

-does not involve reading or writing in a conventional manner
-depends on a solid oral foundation
-depends largely on metalinguistic ability or the ability to view language as an object of attention

what makes a solid oral foundation?

Ex: pretending to write, reading a storybook

3 important achievements that emergent literacy includes

knowledge about the letters of the alphabet

understanding of teh forms and functions of written language

sensitivity to the sound units that make up speech (phonemes, syllables, words,)

-begin to show emerging knowledge of alphabet before 3 years of age
-may know one or two letters before second birthday
-Show interest in specific letters occurring on signs and labels
-may be familiar with letters in own name by 5 years of age
-Learn alphabet letters in a systematic way