SSCI 165 Final

was a system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government of South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority 'non-white' inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by white people was maintained.

Built from 1904 to 1914, it is the ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade.

Divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe and Spain and Portugal along a meridan west of Cape verde islands (off west coast of Africa).

Military regime that followed was a reign of terror known as la Guerra sucia, in which any dissidents were kidnapped, tortured, murdered, and their children were sold. refers to the state-sponsored violence against Argentine citizenry and left-wing guerrillas and their sympathizers from roughly 1976 to 1983. (Argentina)

used to describe a movement's unlawfulness by virtue of not being authorized by or in accordance with the law of the land. Carries an implication that the rebels cause is illegitimate, whereas those rising up will see the authority itself as being illegitimate.

The term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low-wage workers in the primarily foreign-owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods.

Factories that assemble imported, duty-free components and raw materials into finished industrial products in Mexico.

A strip of land connecting two continents.

Founded Tenochtitlan now Mexico City. Was the greatest and richestcity in the Americas during 14th century. (Mexico)

The headquarters were in Cuzco Basin of the Peruvian Andes. They forged the greatest ancient empire on the continent. Their empire stretched from Colombia to central Chile. At height they had over 20 million people wit highly centralized administration. (South America)

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547). (Bad)

For Spain against Napolean; helped liberate Argentina, Chile, Peru. Concentrated on Southern countries. (South America) (Good)

AKA George Washington on SA. South American revolutionary leader who defeated the Spanish in 1819, was made president of Greater Colombia (now Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador), and helped liberate (1823-1834) Peru and Bolivia. Nick named the Liberator. Concentrated on Northern countries. (Good)

Quasi military group led by Duvalier who brutally suppresssed dissidents and killed tens of thousands of Haitans. (Bad)

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba. (Bad)

President or Leader of Venezuela who considers the United States as an "evil" place. Has been controversial in his return to socialism and his relationship with Castro, Hussein, and Quaddafi.(Bad)

President or Leader of Bolivia. Has joined Hugo Chavez's campaign. Many disagree with the return to socialism, and his support for recreational coca use. (Bad)

President of Argentina (1946-1955, 1973-1974). As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva Duarte Peron, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentinean industry, became very popular among the urban poor. (Argentina) (Good)

2nd Wife of Juan Peron, ex-radio actor that came from lower class. Exhorted money from the government to give to the poor. Gave 50 million to the poor through the Eva Peron foundation, died from Ovarian cancer, gave women right to vote in Argentina in 47'. (Argentina) (Good)

Vice president and 3rd wife of Juan Perón; Became Argentina's president after Juan died, making her 1st woman president of the World; Ousted and military took over her regime in 1976. (Agrentina) (Good)

In 1973 he overthrew the government and most of the government was murdered. Over 15 years, he led a reign of terror. He dissolved congress, and banned other political parties, and over 85,000 citizens were murdered and others were tortured. And in 1989, he was voted out of office but still remained a military leader. He also wrote the Amnesty Law of 1978, exculpates any person who committed crimes between Sept. 11, 1973-March 10, 1978. He was arrested in the UK by a Spanish judge and died while under house arrest in Chile in 2006. (Chile) (Bad)

Liberal politician and president of Argentine Republic; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade, launched internal reforms in education and transportation. Tried to imitate Europe, encouraged Europeans to come to the country and made it look like Europe as well. (Good)

Made the treaty of Tordesillas. (South America) (Good)

Is the most powerful insurgent group. In 1999, they convinced the government to demilitarize the area south of Bogota and leaving them into power. (Colombia) (Bad)

Wanted Libya to be focus of a United Arab World, banned all alcohol from Libya, nationalized banks & banned foreign languages, nationalized oil resources and set embargoes against Israel, wrote "Green Book" to explain faults of democracy, supplies any rebel Muslim groups with weapons, created the 600 mi. long water pipeline called the "Great Man-Made River" started in 1984. (Bad)

First president of the Ivory Coast. 80's and 90's - very authoritarian President - wasted money on ostentation projects (St. Peter's Cathedral) (Bad)

1972 - practiced ruthless anti-white sentiment, mass killings and riots, 1990, Kerekou, ashamed, publicly denounced Marxism and was a new man! 1996, was elected again, and restored peace, stability, and economic growth! (Benin) (Bad)

In 1997 was elected president in Liberia and began a reign of terror that ended only when he was forced into exile in 2003. (Bad)

Hand picked, a Christian from the South. Horrible money manager, "Social Democratic Front" forms and kills them off. In 6 months over 30 new political parties and dozens of independents; during term, salaries dropped over 70% economy in shambles, fighting continued, and people are unhappy. But he won NEXT election, outcry of fraud. (Cameroon) (Bad)

Led military coup, brutal leader, wanted every member of opposition wiped out, personally took part in gruesome public torturing & murder, horrible money manager, killed economy, France bail out,spent $20 million (mostly France's) to crown himself "Emperor" of the new "Central African Empire", flew to Libya for more aid, while gone, was impeached and replaced by Andre Kolingba. Arrested when returned, died in prison in 1996. (Central African Republic) (Bad)

Former President, single mother of 3 & former Pinochet POW left office with over 80% approval rating. (Chile) (Good)

1970 became president with opposition, declares himself "President for Life" - lead terrorist regime, was executed by coup after over 2/3 of country killed or fled. Nephew won a rigged election. (Equatorial Guinea) (Bad)

Was a missionary and physician who helped set up a hospital in Gabon. And who also won the Nobel Prize for his work. (Good)

Rebel militias whom still fight with the government. (Republic of Congo) (Bad)

Minority, favored by colonial rule, tall, light skinned, thin nose (elegant). Fighting from 1959, 1994 - in just 3 months over 1 million people massacred by Hutu militias attempting a genocide. (Rwanda and Burundi)

The majority ethnic tribe in Rwanda who was responsible for the 1994 genocide. (Rwanda and Burundi)

He took over the government and overthrew his ally. And started his own reign of terror, and in 8 months there was over 300,000 executed. He started war with Tanzania and was crushed by them, he later than fled to Libya. (Uganda) (Bad)

Was the president of Kenya. He sought to suppress all opponents. After air force tried a military coup, he had them disbanded. (Bad)

Great leader, return to democracy with all the same freedoms we enjoy, diversified economy, lots of resources, strong, stable government, and good tourism. (Malawi) (Good)

Is an oppressive dictator. In 1998 his land redistribution took land from whites and gave them to the blacks. Which caused chaos and fighting. (Zimbabwe) (Bad)

One of the leaders of the African National Congress who led a struggle to end apartheid and was elected president in 1994 in the first all-race election in South Africa. (Good)

Mothers and grandmothers who walk around in a circle who continue to seek answers about their children where about. (Argentina) (Good)

President of Argentina during the 1980s and helped economy, but pardoned those responsible in the "Dirty War".

The Aztecs were great because they were very urban, internal specialization, skilled laborers, and complex irrigation systems. They were conquered easily because they trusted Hernan Cortes whom was seen as the Aztec prophecy so they did as he said.

The present day capital of Aztecs is Mexico City in Mexico. Incan capital is in the Cuzco Basin of the Peruvian Andes.

The Caribbean basin

Castro uses all the resources to prevent civil unrest, poverty and drug-use has risen; tourism has declined. There was also a bad hurricane in 1998 in which they have not fully recovered from.

All Puerto Ricans are US citizens; they pay no federal taxes and US minimum wage laws apply; has considerable autonomy and own Constitution; receive billions in subsidies annually from the US.

No the Puerto Ricans aren't happy. 50% still live below the poverty line.

Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles. Trinidad and Tobago

It is bigger than all the rest combined.

Mexico city is the urban primacy meaning that it is one city that dominates everything else.

NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement

It is the honeymoon destination so there is great tourism.

Hurricane Mitch

Costa Rica

France

Divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe and Spain and Portugal along a meridan west of Cape verde islands (off west coast of Africa). Under Pope Alexander VI.

By moving the capital to Rio to invade Napolean.

Ecuador

Guyana

Bolivia and paraguay

Amnesty Law which exculpates any persons who committed crimes between Sept. 11, 1973 and March 10, 1978.

He tried to immitate Europe.

Juan Peron took all of Argentina's wealth and squandered it.

Isabel Peron

Chavez has been controversial with his return to socialism and his relationships with Castro, Hussein, and Qaddafi. Morales has joined Chavez's campaign.

He pardoned all those whom were offenders in the Dirty War.

Based exclusively on oil.

Yes it increased fertile land by 50%

Represents a transition zone from countries which are majority Muslim, to those which are not majority Muslim.

Senegal, Mauritania, Burkina-Faso, Mali, Niger, Chad, Djibouti, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Togo, Benin, Morrocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Central African Repulic, Gabon, Congo

Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswanna, Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa

Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique

Cameroon, Togo, Tanzania, Namibia

Banned all alcohol; nationalized banks and banned foreign languages; nationalized oil resources and set embargoes against Israel.

Ghana, Benin, Ivory Coast

Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, Central African Republic, Congo, The Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Ethiopia, Mauritania, Niger, Chad

Stored body parts of those killed in a freezer to eat and give to guests to eat without knowing, killed over 200 school children and teachers because they did not want to wear his uniforms.

While away in Libya he was impeached, when he returned he was imprisoned and died while in there.

Former name was Zaire. Refugees took over Zaire and decided to change it.

Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi

Tanzania and Kenya

They won the war against Ethiopia which is bigger and had more soldiers in their army.

Its the richest region materially with lots of agricultural diversity and has tons of mineral reserves.

Namibia

Botswana

Black, white, colored, or Asian

Violent uprisings and in 1990 the African National Congress was allowed again.