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two major classes of physiological measures of auditory function
- auditory evoked potential (AEP)
- otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)
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Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP)
- electroencephalography (EEG)
- ABR
- electrocochleography (ECoG)
- Auditory Midde Latency Response (AMLR)
- Auditory Late Response (ALR)
- Auditory P-300 Response (P300)
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Electroencephalography EEG
- The measurement of brain potentials
- we are trying to measure brain activity to sound
- uses signals averaging to extract brain response to auditory stimuli
- make a click then measure 10 milliseconds of info after it
- this measures nerve firing not hearing
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main components of EEG
- a ground wire on one ear lobe
- a positive electrode on the top of head (or forehead)
- a negative wire on the opposite ear lobe
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ABR
2 primary uses
- to determine the presence of Acoustic Tumors
- the estimate auditory thresholds (detect presence of hearing loss)
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ABR to detect tumors
- examine ABR latencies, interpeak latencies and compare ears
- exam waveform morphology
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ABR normal v abnormal
15 and 16
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to estimate thresholds
obtain an intensity latency function
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ABR intesity - latency function
charts 19 - 21
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electrocochleography ECoG
2 ways to meaure
- from ear canal
- transtympanic
- measures the cochlea
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electrocochleography ECoG
determines
- electrical activity of cochlea
- cochlear implants
- difficult to test
- determination of Meniere's disease
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Auditory Middle Latency Response (AMLR)
- difficult to measure because affected by subject state, muscle artifacts
- detect hearing thresholds - limited
- measures the thalamus down
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Auditory Late Response (ALR)
- influenced by sedation, subject state
- very time consuming
- variabe responses limit usefullness
- tests the auditory cortex down
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Auditory P300 Response
- event related potential
- typically recorded with "oddball" paradigm
- allows studying of higher level auditory functions
- measures the ability to hear a sound and react
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Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)
2 types
- TEOAE - transient evoked otoacoustic emissions
- POAE - distortion product otoacoustic emissions
- both measure the same thing
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TEOAE
- babies are now tested with this before they leave the hospital
- this is not a test of hearing
- this is a test of outer hair cells
- A and B are measured in different registers (every other click)
- outer hair cell test
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normal and abnormal TEOAE
slides 37 and 38
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DPOAE
- distortion products
- the ear is non-linear (this means that it has distortion)
- put two tones in get three out
- we get a DP-gram
- outer hair cell test
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