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Sex
Biologikl distinction btwn Male n Female
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Gender
Cultural distinction btwn Masculinity n Femine
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Gender Characteristics
- Social creation - man made
- how to think n act "properly" - gender ideology
- cultural norms learn informal by agents of socialization
- consequential
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vary across cultures n time
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Gender Ideas: Essentialism
Idea: masculinity n femine based on biolofikl differences btwn M&F
- Differences in predisposition = think/act
- Female = sentimental/emotional
- Male = competitive/ instrumental
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Gender Ideas: Social Constructionism
- Idea: the idea of gender biologiklly is insignificant
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- The biology distinction btwn M&F is insignifiknt
- Gender roles vary accross culture - not universal
- Conservative ideas M&F by patriarchy social systems
- Are taught n reinforce via various agents of socialization
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Social Constructionism - Social Agents = Mass Media
Cumulative Effects: role models, theme, issues
- Children reading material - fairytale books
- His/her magazines - (M=Times)(F=Cosmo)
- His/her TV
- Music video lyrics - reggeton denegrate woman
- Commercials, ads - how to be a perfect wife
- News - dpdnd the time when to pass it.
- Sports - female sports often neglected
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Social Constructionism - Social Agents = School
- Gender segregation - club only for M or F
- Using gender as a motivation - (M=u can do anything)(F=too hard 4 u)
- Teacher's attention
- Policies, foundings, programs - politicians
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Social Construsctionism - Social Agents = Peers
Preasure to conform
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Gender Notions (differential treatment begins at birth n continue throught lives)
- Care givers: (parents, relatives, baby sitters, daycare)
- color code - pink/blue
- treatment n feedback
- cloth - sassy/strong
- names
- toys = [ girls - soft,warm = be pretty / indoor]
- = [ boys - hard,cold = indpndnt,competition/ outdoor]
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Gender Notions (differential treatment begins at birth n continue throught lives)
- Dermal illusion:
- ur worth based on how u look - 5'9/111lb/39-18-33
- Incentive Clothing:
- buy small size than she is to make her self fit on that cloth
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Gender Consequences
- M&F - locally n globally
- social, psychologikl, physikl
- human rights, freedoms, power - right to vote, politicians
- bussiness, politics, academic - not equal to woman
- both for individuals n for society as a whole
- denies the realization of potential M&F - F often
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Physical n Mental Health concern
- Tyranny of "scales" - thinners (F=95lb)/ adonnis (M=body)
- Self-resentment, fear, anxiety - F=56%/ M=46%
- Eating disorders - pro anorexia
- Diet pills - steroids abuse
- Cosmetic n surgikl industry
- Discrimination - weight policies in bussiness
- Pre-occupation in looks prevents focus in other imxtant areas.
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Social concern
- Uniqual rights, freedom, opp., power
- Different access to eduktion, ocupational, economic, health opp.
- Sex-typed occupation - plomers(F very low)
- Career progress impeded by child-care issues
- Fewer women have authority of senior management possitions - "glass ceiling" (see but cant have it)
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Gender identity
Prson idntifiktion with sense of belonging to a particular sex-(biologiklly/psychologiklly/socially)
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Gender role
Set of behaviour (expectations) of how M&F should act
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Infanticide
Muder of a female child - China
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