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What are some uses of soybean protein?
- Use as an emulsifier in sausage formulations
- In meat to control fat absorption
- In donuts to prevent fat absorption
- Used to increase water absorption in baked goods
- Used to vary texture- thickening agent for soups and graves
- Can be used to form gels/curd- tofu
- Can be used as a whipping agent- dream whip
- Can be used as a binder in meat loaves sausages etc
- Can be 'texturized'- bacon bits, artificial bacon strips, texturized vegetable protein (TVP)
- Can be partly hydrolyzed to allow its use closer to its isoelectric point, hence prevent precipitation and loss of functionality in th pH 3-5 range
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Why has soy protein replaced conventional protein sources?
Lower cost
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How did whey protein concentrates become an important product?
Whey protein concentrates came next in response to environmental problems caused by diposal of whey from cheese manufacture
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What is single cell protein?
Covers most microbial sources of protein, including bacteria, yeasts and molds
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What is the major problem with all microbial sources?
Their relatively high nucleic acid content, which cannot be handled by the livers of monogastric organisms in excessive amounts
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What happens if yeast is consumed on a substantive scale?
Can lead to liver damage and gout
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What are some issues of bacteria as a microbial protein?
Beyond nucleic acid tissue- other issues include toxicological and potential pathogenicity of microorganisms
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Algae used as a microbial protein
Algae have recieved a lot of attention from the space program where its photosynthetic ability could be capitalized upon ingestion of more than 100g per day leads to nausea, cvomiting and abdominal pains- it is sold as a health supplement
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What is marmite made from?
Brewer's yast
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What is quorn?
A very successful texturized product, developed using mushroom mycelium
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What is pea starch used for?
Pea starch is used extensively for oil drilling (drilling mud)- a byproduct is pea protein
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What is produced by pin milling peas?
Pea starch and a pea protein rich fracvtion can be produced by pin milling peas
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What is air classification used for?
Air classification is used to separate the heavier starch from the lighter protein fraction
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What are pea concentrates and isolates used for?
Pea concentrates and isolates have been used successfully in hamburger, bread and sausage formulations and incorporated into high protein extruded snacks
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What is the main problem of bean protein concentrates?
The major problem with bean protein concentrates, like soy, is that if used in too high a concentration flatulence will be a problem
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What are the main problems with leaf protein?
The main problems are stabiliy, yield and palatability
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What happens to the rest of fish protein that is not consumed?
Often ends up as animal feed or fertilized in the form of fish meal
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How is fish protein concentrate produced?
- Involves the mincing of fish, followed by extraction of the fat using isopropyl alcohol
- The protein rich residue was the steam stripped to remove the solvent and fishy ocor/flavor and then ground into a powder
- The resulting isolate is nutritionally comparable to egg albumin, but lacking in any functional properties
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Why was fish protein concentrate a failure?
Nutritionally, as a direct rptoein supplement, it works very well, being of high quality. However, because of lack of functionality there is no practical means of inforporatin it into food products
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What is surimi?
- Surimi reers to a process of mincing, steaming and shaping of fish tissue
- Technically it is the production of a myosin/actomyosin paste, minus the sarcoplasmic protiens, which have been extracted
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