Biology3 Lab5

• aerobic: require oxygen
• anaerobin: can survive in oxygen-free environments

• coccus: (plural - cocci) -- OOOO
• bacillus: (plural - bacilli) -- ==== ==== ====
• spiral: -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~

• bacterial pneumonia
• tuberculosis
• strep throat
• salmonella

a disease causing organism [G: "to give birth to" "suffering"]

assemblage of microorganisms that reside on the surface and in deep layers of skin, in the saliva and oral mucosa, and in the gastrointestinal tracts.

"against life"; a chemical used to kill living cells, generally bacteria

Non-living infectious agent. They cannot use energy or reproduce on their own, they must invade living cells.

• HIV
• measles
• herpes

• virus attaches to the host cell
• the protein coat stays on the outside and the viral genes are inserted into the host
• the host cell follows the new genetic instructions and begins to produce more viruses

a virus that grabs a peice of the host cell's membrane to act as a "cloak"

• HIV
• influenza

• plasma: acts as a fluid medium allowing blood cells to flow efficiently around the body
• platelets: spikey particles that help clot blood
• red blood cells: carry oxygen to the tissues and carry CO₂ away, using hemoglobin
• white blood cells: important component of the immune system

the process of engulfing other cells

• identifying proteins on the outside of cells or viruses
• any protein that causes an immune response

a plasma protein produced by the white blood cells when foreign proteins are encountered

• stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies to that protein, as if you had been exposed to the actual invader
• contains one or more antigens from an infective agent

molecules or ions with unpaired electrons

• they damage the molecules around them when they attempt to fill their outside shell.
• cell membranes and DNA are often damaged