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transference
object relations
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countertransference
object relations
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holding environment
object relations
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Derivatives
object relations
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resistance
object relations
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individuation
object relations
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introjection
object relations
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projection
object relations
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projective identification
object relations
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recapitulation
object relations
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splitting
object relations
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unconscious
object relations
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unresolved issues
object relations
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active listening
person-centered/Rogerian
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genuiness and congruence
person-centered/Rogerian
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empathic understanding
person-centered/Rogerian
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unconditional positive regard
person-centered/Rogerian
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nondirective
person-centered/Rogerian
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here and now
person-centered/Rogerian
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unfinished business
Gestalt
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paradoxical theory of change
Gestalt
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contact and contact boundaries
Gestalt
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self-realization
humanistic/experiential, Gestalt
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therapists don't take expert position
humanistic/experiential
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relaxation training
behavioral: classical conditioning
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counterconditioning
behavioral: classical conditioning
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systematic desensitization
behavioral: classical conditioning
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aversive conditioning
behavioral: classical conditioning
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flooding
behavioral: classical conditioning
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positive reinforcement (what kind?)
behavioral: operant conditioning
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negative reinforcement
behavioral: operant conditioning
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shaping
behavioral: operant conditioning
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extinction
behavioral: operant conditioning
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punishment
behavioral: operant conditioning
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time out
behavioral: operant conditioning
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response cost
behavioral: operant conditioning
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token economies
behavioral: operant conditioning
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biofeedback & neurofeedback
behavioral: operant conditioning
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classical conditioning
pairs unconditioned stimulus with conditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response: Aero and the can opener
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operant conditioning
a type of learning in which a subject chooses to modify a behavior in order to receive a reward or avoid a punishment
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cognitive triad
beliefs formed in early childhood about self, the world, the future
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schemas or core beliefs
CBT
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underlying assumptions
CBT
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Socratic method (define)
CBT: therapist asks questions to encourage client to question, test, or challenger their own thoughts and beliefs
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cognitive restructuring (define)
CBT: the process of becoming aware of automatic thoughts, underlying assumptions & core beliefs, recognizing the relationship between thoughts & feelings; challenge the validity of maladaptive thoughts; create more balanced, reality-based thoughts
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automatic thought record
CBT
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charting (what stage)
CBT: early stage
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cognitive distortions
CBT
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selective abstraction (define)
CBT: taking a detail out of context and dwelling on it
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arbitrary inference (define)
CBT: jumping to a conclusion w/o evidence
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disqualifying the positive
CBT
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labeling (define)
CBT: describing an event with emotionally laden language
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emotional reasoning (define)
CBT: assuming one's own negative emotion reflects the way things really are
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personalization (define)
CBT: taking responsibility for negative events you are not responsible for
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homeostasis
family systems (general)
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negative feedback (define)
family systems (general): communication that invokes resistance; hence negative = no change
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positive feedback (define)
family systems (general): encourages change
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wholeness
family systems (general)
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equifinality (define)
family systems (general): the ability of complex systems to achieve the same results in different ways
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first order change (define)
family systems (general): changes in Sx or Bx that leave the system unchanged
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second order change (define)
family systems (general): change that alters a system's structure and functioning
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triangles (define)
Bowen; family systems (general): dyads diffuse anxiety by recruiting a third party
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boundaries (define; types)
family systems (general): emotional rules that regulate contact between family members, subsystems, and family and world
types: rigid, diffuse, flexible
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subsystems (name)
family systems (general): marital (the couple as a couple), parental (couple as parents), executive (couple as family executives), sibling
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rules and roles (define x2)
family systems (general): rules and values about communication and behavior that determine how effectively/ineffectively individual needs are met. Also, implicit expectations of roles family members must adopt.
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all behavior is communication
family systems (general), esp. strategic/communications
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circular questioning (define)
family systems (general), esp strategic/communications (MRI): questions that frame the presenting problem as relational, involving family members in discussing ideas and reactions to the problem
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enmeshed v disengaged (define)
family systems (general): diffuse boundaries v rigid boundaries
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fusion v cutoff (define)
family systems (general): individual sacrifices needs to whatever the family demands
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symptoms are communication
strategic/communications (MRI)
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directives
strategic/communications (MRI)
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resolve the presenting problem
strategic/communications (MRI)
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complementary relationships (define)
strategic/communications (MRI): members are different in ways that fit together
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symmetrical relationships (define)
strategic/communications (MRI): based on equality and similarity
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positive connotation (define)
strategic/communications (MRI): reframe the Sx so it's understood as communication
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Satir
humanistic/experiential
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family life chronology (stage)
humanistic/experiential: early
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family sculpture
humanistic/experiential
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therapeutic parts party (define)
humanistic/experiential: clients personify various parts of themselves through imagery and conversation betweent he parts
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communication stances (name 5)
humanistic/experiential: placater, blamer, super reasonable person/computer, distractor, leveler
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alliances
subgroups based on generation, gender, etc.
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coalitions
two or more family members align against another family member
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accommodation (define)
structural: notice and adjust to family's communication style and body language
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mimesis (define)
structural: track family's style and use it
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spontaneous behavior sequence
structural: family spontaneously demonstrates its structure
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family mapping
structural: after tracking, the therapist diagrams family dynamics
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restructuring (stage)
structural: middle
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reenactment (stage)
structural: middle
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affective intensity
structural
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shaping competence (define)
structural: emphasize positive, functional dynamics
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boundary making
structural
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stroke and a kick
structural
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unbalancing (define)
structural: alternately supporting one family member or subsystem over another in order to realign family structure
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differentiation
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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fusion v emotional cutoff
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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pseudo-self v solid self
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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emotional reactivity
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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non-anxious presence
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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family projection process (define)
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems: process by which parental conflict/pressure is projected onto children, creating triangles
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nuclear family emotional system
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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multigenerational transmission process
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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undifferentiated family ego mass (define)
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems: highly undifferentiated families
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genogram
Bowen/multigenerational/extended family systems
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3 rules of solution-focused therapy
- 1. If it ain't broke, don't fix it.
- 2. If it's working, do more of it.
- 3. If it's not working, do something else.
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postmodern therapies
solution focused, narrative
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solution not necessarily related to the problem
postmodern: solution focused, narrative
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client resources (define)
solution focused: clients has the ability to solve their own problems
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snowball effect
solution focused
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expert stance v not knowing stance
solution focused, narrative: modernist therapists are experts; post modernists presumes nothing, takes nothing for granted
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formula first session task (define)
solution focused: at the end of the first session, the therapist assigns the client to notice what's working in their lives and what they want to retain.
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solution talk
solution focused
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compliments/cheerleader
solution focused
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"What's different or better?"
solution focused
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goal-setting questions (example)
solution focused: "How will you know when you don't need therapy anymore?"
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exception questions (examples)
solution focused, narrative: When is the problem not a problem? Was there ever a time when you were without the problem?
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scaling questions
solution focused
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coping questions (example)
solution focused: Given all the things going on in your life, how is it that you're coping so well?
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miracle question (define)
solution focused: imagine a miracle happens while you're sleeping and when you wake up the problem is gone. How would you know?
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relationship questions (example)
solution focused: Who in your life has faith that you'll solve the problem? What would they notice about you if the problem was gone?
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problem-saturated story
narrative
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externalizing (example)
narrative: How long has Depression run your life?
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"The client isn't the problem; the problem is the problem."
narrative
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separate the person from the problem
narrative
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local knowledge (define)
narrative: the therapist's own experience
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unique outcomes
narrative
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sparking moments
narrative
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invitations (define)
narrative: invitations the problem makes to the client that are seductive even though accepting them is problematic
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mapping the influence or effects of the problem
narrative
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community of concern
narrative
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problem fighters
narrative
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preference questions
narrative
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deconstruction questions
narrative
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preference questions
narrative
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meaning questions
narrative
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interviewing the client as the problem (define)
narrative: client pretends to be the problem and therapist interviews it
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interviewing the internalized other (define)
narrative: one family member pretences fo be another family member and therapist interviews them
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representational play
play therapy
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guided fantasy
play therapy
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Tarasoff does not apply to a client who is suicidal or is a threat to property (but evidence code 1024 may allow reporting)
Bellah v Greenson
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For Tarasoff to apply, the intended victim must be identifiable and the peril must be foreseeable.
Thompson v Alameda
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A therapist who fails to carry out a Tarasoff duty to warn is liable for harm to any reasonably foreseeable bystanders.
Hedlund v Superior Court of Orange County
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When making a Tarasoff warning, the therapist may break confidentiality to include statements made by the client that the therapist believes are necessary to convey the seriousness of the threat to the intended victim.
Menendez v Superior Court
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A communication of a serious threat of physical violence against a reasonably identifiable victim need NOT come directly from the client, but may be communicated by a family member or a credible third party
Ewing v Goldstein
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Carl Rogers
person centered
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DeShazer & Berg
solution focused
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Bowen
multigenerational/extended family systems
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Satir
experiential/communications
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borderline intellectual functioning
IQ of 71-85
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mild mental retardation
50/55-70
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moderate retardation
35/40-50/55
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severe mental retardation
20/25-35/40
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profound mental retardation
below 20/25
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GAF absent or minimal symptoms
81-90
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GAF transient symptoms
71-80
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GAF moderate symptoms
51-60
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GAF serious symptoms
41-50
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GAF some impairment in reality testing
31-40
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avolition
inability to plan and organize
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hyperacusis
painful sensitivity to sounds
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percipient witness
"fact witness"--only the facts
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positioning strategy
Haley/strategic
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conversion disorder
unintentional loss or alteration in physical functioning
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factitious disorder
intentionally produces Sx without external incentives (i.e., to assume the sick role)
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somatization disorder
history of many physical complaints, including at least 1 sexual symptom, over a period of several years
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aphasia
impairment in understanding language (any form)
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depersonalization
a sense of detachment from the environment, a sense of being an observer of one's own mental processes or body, as if in a dream.
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derealization
an alteration in the perception of the external world so that it feels strange unreal
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immediate memory
10 to 30 seconds ago
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short-term memory
up to 1.5 hours ago
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recent memory
2 hours to 4 days ago
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disidentification
existential: discarding identification with body, thoughts & feelings in order to connect with the authentic Self
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family map: modality and purpose
structural: diagram family interactions
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5150
therapist may initiate if client is danger to self or others or is gravely disabled; if invoked, client is hospitalized involuntarily for up to 72 hours
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5250
If hospitalized client is still a danger to self or others or gravely disabled, involuntary hospitalization can be extended another 14 days.
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5300
If after the 14-day hold has expired the client is still a danger to self or others or gravely disabled, 5300 allows another 180-day hold
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empathic attunement
self psychology
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