chapter 7 quiz 2 1-22

are chemical substances that are acquired from the enviroment and used in cellular activities

are processed and transformedd into chemicals aftter absorption

substances that must be provided to the organism

required in large quanties

example carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

trace elements present in smaller amounts

combination of atoms other then carbon and hydrogen

examples sodium,iron,magnesium

contain carbon, hydrogen and present in all living things

CHONPS

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• phosphorus
• sulfur

heterotrophs-must obtain carbon in organic form from protien, lipids,carbs

autotrophs- self feeders uses inorganic carbon as its CO2 source

phototrophs- microbes that photosynthesize energy from sunlight

chemotrophs- microbes that get energy from chemical compounds

derive from carbon and energy from organic compunds

has 2 types saprobes and parasites

• free living
• feed on organic dead oragnisms
• decomposers
• include fungi and bacteria

• derive nutrients from the cell or tissue of a host
• cause damage to the host
• also known as pathogen
• cause diease

live in the body

live in oragns and tissues

live within cells

are unable to grow outside of a living host

across cell membrane

• passive-osmosid, diffusion require no energy
• active - endocytosis phagocytosis require eneggy

diffusion of water through a selectivley permiable membrane from area of high concentration to area of low

• eqaul solutencentration
• no net change
• stable

solute concentration of external enviroment is lower then that of the internal enviroment

net direction is from hypotonic solution into the cell

cells w/o cell walls swell and burst known as lysis

• higher solute concentraction then the cytoplasm
• will focre watter to diffuse out of the cell
• high osmotic pressure